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Friday, 6 March 2015

The man who posted himself to Australia



In the mid-1960s, Australian athlete Reg Spiers found himself stranded in London with no money to buy a plane ticket home. Desperate to get back to Australia in time for his daughter's birthday, he decided to post himself in a wooden crate.

"I just got in the thing and went. What was there to be frightened of? I'm not frightened of the dark so I just sat there.

"It's like when I travel now if I go overseas. There's the seat. Sit in it, and go."

Reg Spiers makes it sound very straightforward more than half a century later, but it caused a media storm in Australia at the time.

He explains his attitude like this: "I've come up with this mad scheme to get back to Australia in a box. Who can say it won't work? Let's give it a shot."

Spiers had come to the UK to try to recover from an injury that had interrupted his athletics career. A promising javelin thrower, he had been on course to compete at the Tokyo Olympics in 1964.

But when it became clear he would not make the games, Spiers set his mind to raising enough money to fly back to Australia, and took an airport job to earn some cash.

But his plans changed when his wallet, containing all his savings, was stolen. With a wife and daughter back home, Spiers wanted to get back to Adelaide, but "there was one catch," he explains. "I didn't have any money."

And with his daughter's birthday looming, he was in a hurry.

"I worked in the export cargo section, so I knew about cash-on-delivery with freight. I'd seen animals come through all the time and I thought, 'If they can do it I can do it.'"
A miniature replica of the box used to promote a book about the escapade

Spiers also knew the maximum size of crate that could be sent by air freight. He had been staying with a friend, John McSorley, in London, and persuaded him to build a box in which he could send himself home.

"He told me it had to be 5ft x 3ft x 2.5ft, (1.5m x 0.9m x 0.75m)," says McSorley. "I knew Reg and I thought, 'He's going to do it regardless, so if he's going to do it I'd better make him a box that at least is going to get him there.'"

Built to Spiers's specifications, the crate allowed him to sit up straight-legged, or lie on his back with his knees bent. The two ends of the crate were held in place by wooden spigots operated from the inside, so Spiers could let himself out of either end. It was fitted with straps to hold him in place as the crate was loaded and unloaded.

To avoid any suspicion that a person was inside, the crate was labelled as a load of paint and addressed to a fictitious Australian shoe company.
The replica shows how straps were fixed inside the box

Although the cost of sending such a large and heavy cargo would have been more than a passenger seat, Spiers knew he could send himself cash-on-delivery - and worry about how to pay the fees once he arrived in Australia.

Packed into the box with some tinned food, a torch, a blanket and a pillow, plus two plastic bottles - one for water, one for urine - Spiers was loaded on to an Air India plane bound for Perth, Western Australia. Although Spiers wanted ultimately to get to Adelaide, Perth was chosen because it was a smaller airport.

He endured a 24-hour delay at the airport in London due to fog, and let himself out of the crate once the plane was in the air.


"I got out of the box between London and Paris, dying for a leak," says Spiers. "I peed in a can and put it on top of the box. I was stretching my legs and all of a sudden, because it's a short distance, the plane began to descend. A little panicky I jumped back in the box, and the can full of pee was still sitting on top."

I was grinning from ear to ear, but I wasn't going to let them know I'm there now - I've almost pulled the whole thing off”Reg Spiers

The French baggage handlers in Paris thought the can's unsavoury contents had been left for them as an unkind joke by their counterparts in London.

"They were saying some terrible things about the English," says Spiers. "But they didn't even think of the box. So I kept on going."

The next stop on the long journey back to Australia was in Bombay, where baggage handlers parked Spiers - upside down - in the sun's glare for four hours.

"It was hot as hell in Bombay so I took off all my clothes," he says. "Wouldn't it have been funny if I'd got pinched then?"

"They had the thing on its end. I was on the tarmac while they were changing me from one plane to another. I'm strapped in but my feet are up in the air. I'm sweating like a pig but not to give up - wait, be patient - and eventually they came and got me and put me on another plane."

When the plane finally touched down in Perth, the cargo hold was opened and Spiers heard the Australian baggage handlers swearing about the size of the crate he was in. He knew immediately he was home.

"The accents - how could you miss?" says Spiers. "I'm on the soil. Amazing. Wonderful. I made it.

"I was grinning from ear to ear, but I wasn't going to let them know I'm there now - I've almost pulled the whole thing off.

"I knew they would take the box to a bond shed. When they put me in the shed I got out straight away. There were cartons of beer in there. I don't drink but I whipped a beer out and had a drink of that."
Reg Spiers in London before his freight journey in 1964

Spiers had survived three days travelling in the wooden crate. But he still faced the challenge of getting out of the airport. Fortunately, his luck continued.

"There were some tools in there so I just cut a hole in the wall and got out.

"There was no security. I put on a suit out of my bag so I looked cool, jumped through the window, walked out on to the street and thumbed a ride into town. Simple as that."

But back in England, John McSorley, who had built the crate and delivered Spiers to the airport, was desperately worried about his friend. Spiers hitchhiked his way back to his family in Adelaide, but neglected to tell McSorley he had come through his journey intact.

In an effort find out what had happened, McSorley alerted the media, and Spiers quickly became a sensation in his home country.

"I got a telegram from a renowned Australian politician," he says, which read, "'A gallant effort by a real Aussie - and here's five quid.' I'm winning big time. It was great."

In the end the airline didn't make him pay the shipping fees. But Spiers admits he was taken aback by the media coverage of his adventure.

"I'd never seen anything like it. It scared the hell out of my mother with the whole street blocked with media. And it would go on for weeks. It was pretty wild."

Spiers succeeded in making it back in time for his daughter's birthday but he still had a job convincing his wife his story was true.

"She didn't believe me," he says. "But then she thought about it and thought 'He must have done it, how else did he get here?' So eventually she rode with it."

Air industry insiders say something like this would never be able to happen now. The hold is usually pressurised and the temperature will usually be above freezing but all cargo loaded on to planes is screened for security reasons and a hidden person would be found.

Harrison Ford injured in plane crash


US actor Harrison Ford has been injured in a small plane crash in Los Angeles.

The 72-year-old star of the Indiana Jones and Star Wars films reported engine failure and crash-landed his vintage plane on a Venice golf course.

He was breathing and alert when medics arrived and took him to hospital in a "fair to moderate" condition, a fire department spokesman said.

His son Ben, a chef in Los Angeles, later tweeted from the hospital: "Dad is OK. Battered but OK!

His publicist said: "The injuries sustained are not life threatening, and he is expected to make a full recovery,"

The nature of Ford's injuries have not been disclosed but website TMZ, which first reported the story, said he suffered "multiple gashes to his head".

Shortly after take-off from Santa Monica Airport, he said he was having engine failure with his 1942 Ryan Aeronautical ST3KR and was making an "immediate return".

He was unable to reach the runway and landed on the golf course, where onlookers pulled him from the plane fearing it could explode.

Officials said the plane had been flying at about 3,000 feet (914 metres) and hit a tree on the way down.

"There was no explosion or anything. It just sounded like a car hitting the ground or a tree or something. Like that one little bang, and that was it," Jeff Kuprycz, who was playing golf told the Associated Press news agency.

"He ended up crashing around the eighth hole."
Hollywood royalty Ford has more films in the pipeline

Christian Fry of the Santa Monica Airport Association said it was "an absolutely beautifully executed emergency landing by an unbelievably well-trained pilot".

Film producer Ryan Kavanaugh witnessed the accident from his office near the airport where Harrison had taken off.

He told The Hollywood Reporter: "He literally had five seconds, and 99 per cent of pilots would have turned around to go back to the runway and would have crashed - it would have stalled, gone nose first and crashed."

"Harrison did what the best pilots in the world would do," he continued. "He made the correct turn that the plane was designed for with an engine out."

'Moderate trauma'

After crash-landing, Ford was initially treated by two doctors who happened to be at the golf course.

Fire Department spokesman Patrick Butler said the LAFD received a 911 emergency call at 14:20 (22:20 GMT) and attended to a "medium-to-high impact" plane crash at the Penmar Golf Course.
The plane crashed just short of the Santa Monica Municipal Airport

There have been calls from local people to close Santa Monica airport, which is situated in a residential district, because of concerns about safety and noise.

Later this year, Ford is reprising his role of Han Solo in the latest addition to the Star Wars franchise, Star Wars: The Force Awakens.

He broke his leg in June last year on set at Pinewood Studios while filming a scene involving a door on the Millennium Falcon spaceship.

Ford took up flying when he was in his 50s and is also trained to fly helicopters.

In 1999, Ford crash-landed his helicopter during a training flight in Los Angeles but both he and the instructor were unhurt.

A year later a plane he was flying had to make an emergency landing at Lincoln Municipal Airport in Nebraska. Again he and his passenger escaped unhurt after the plane clipped the runway.

'Erasing History' in Nimrud, Iraq


Islamic State bulldozers 'erasing history' in Nimrud, Iraq

IS says ancient shrines and statues - like this Assyrian relief - are "false idols"


Archaeologists and cultural officials have expressed heartbreak and outrage about the bulldozing of the ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud in Iraq.

Islamic State militants began demolishing the site on Thursday, Iraqi officials said.

The UN cultural body's Iraq director, Alex Plathe, called it "another appalling attack on Iraq's heritage".

"They are erasing our history," Iraqi archaeologist Dr Lamia al-Gailanitold the BBC.

IS says ancient shrines and statues are "false idols" that have to be smashed.
Many of Nimrud's artefacts have been transferred to museums in Baghdad and overseas, but giant "lamassu" statues - winged bulls with human heads - remain on site
Nimrud lies just south-east of Mosul, where militants attacked artefacts with sledgehammers last week

Nimrud, which was founded in the 13th Century BC, lies about 30km (18 miles) south-east of Mosul.

Many of the artefacts found there have been moved to museums in Baghdad and overseas, but larger artefacts remain on site.

'Levelled'


Nimrud covers a large area, and it is not yet clear whether it has been totally destroyed, says the BBC's Jim Muir in Beirut, neighbouring Lebanon.

But a local tribal source told Reuters news agency: "Islamic State members came to the Nimrud archaeological city and looted the valuables in it and then they proceeded to level the site to the ground.

"There used to be statues and walls as well as a castle that Islamic State has destroyed completely."

Wednesday, 4 March 2015

UK bomb plot suspect Abid Naseer found guilty



A Pakistani man extradited from the UK to the US has been convicted for plotting attacks in several countries.

Abid Naseer, 28, was found guilty by a New York jury of providing material support to al-Qaeda and conspiracy to use a destructive device.

He faces up to life imprisonment at sentencing.

Evidence at Naseer's trial included a document found in the raid of the bin Laden compound and MI5 officers testifying in wigs.

A jury took returned the verdict after a day of deliberation following closing arguments on Monday.

Prosecutors argued Naseer was part of a broader al-Qaeda conspiracy to attack various Western locations, including a Manchester shopping centre and the New York subway system.
Abid Naseer (seen here in 2010) was previously arrested in the UK over a bomb plot in Manchester

In closing arguments on Monday, prosecutors said Naseer lied about his history during his defence, including becoming radicalised in Pakistan.

"If the defendant hadn't been stopped, hundreds of innocent men, women and children wouldn't be alive today," prosecutor Zainab Ahmed said during closing arguments.

"The defendant has something to hide," Ms Ahmed said, according to the New York Daily News.

"He was trying to cover up his motive for revenge against the United States and its Nato allies. Revenge was the defendant's motive."

Naseer, who represented himself in court, said in closing arguments the prosecution had not directly connected him to al-Qaeda.

He insisted his emails were simply harmless banter about finding a wife.
The trial heard from MI5 operatives dressed in wigs and make-up

"He wanted to settle down," Naseer said speaking in the third person on Monday. "Is there anything wrong with that?"

His defence was largely based on his own testimony and cross-examining prosecution witnesses.

Prosecutors brought in MI5 agents who had previously tracked Naseer in 2009 at a shopping centre in the UK.

They also relied on the testimony of two co-conspirators who pleaded guilty to the subway plot - Najibullah Zazi and Zarein Ahmedzay - who said certain words in Naseer's emails about marriage were code.

The New York jury were also presented a letter to Osama Bin Laden outlining planned attacks.

Taken during a US Navy Seal raid on the al-Qaeda chief's Pakistan home in 2011, the papers made no mention of Manchester specifically and did not mention the defendant's name.

In the letter to Bin Laden, the author says "brothers" had been dispatched to Britain, Russia and Europe but that some had been arrested.

Iraqi forces seek to encircle IS fighters in Tikrit

IS-held areas of Tikrit have come under heavy bombardment since the offensive began

Iraqi army soldiers and Shia militiamen are seeking to encircle Islamic State fighters in Tikrit, on the third day of a major operation to retake the city.

State-run al-Iraqiya TV said government forces were "advancing" but progress has been slowed by roadside bombs.

Security sources said they had captured villages and oil fields east of the city, and blocked a key IS supply line to neighbouring Diyala province.

The offensive is being overseen at least in part by an Iranian general.

On Tuesday, the top US general said Iran's role in Tikrit could be positive, as long as it did not fuel sectarian tensions.

'Suffocate then pounce'

Some 30,000 soldiers and militiamen from the Popular Mobilisation (Hashid Shaabi) force, backed by Iraqi jets and helicopters, have advanced gradually since the offensive began on Monday.

On Wednesday, a source in the Samarra Operations Command told the BBC that government forces had taken control of the village of al-Maibdi, on the road between Tikrit and the Kurdish-controlled city of Kirkuk, as well as the nearby Ajil and Alas oilfields. The road was a key supply route for IS between Salahuddin and Diyala provinces, the source said.
Soldiers and militiamen have recaptured several towns and villages surrounding Tikrit


Another official told All Iraq News that the villages of Siha and Mazraat al-Rahim, just to the north of Tikrit in al-Alam district, had also been retaken.

However, the soldiers and militiamen have not breached IS defences around Tikrit and al-Dour, a town 19km (12 miles) to the south, which officials say is another stronghold of the jihadist group.

Military officials said on Tuesday that al-Dour had been surrounded and sealed off, but that an assault on the town had not yet been launched.


Popular Mobilisation
Iranian-backed Shia militiamen have played a key role in forcing IS to retreat north of Baghdad
The Popular Mobilisation (Hashid Shaabi), comprising dozens of Shia militia, takes a lead role in Iraqi operations against IS
It was formed by the Shia-led government in June 2014 after the army collapsed in the face of an advance by IS across northern Iraq
Thousands volunteered to fight after Iraq's most senior Shia cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, called on people to take up arms and defend their country and its holy sites
Iran provides funding, weapons and military advisers to militia in the Popular Mobilisation, and reportedly controls several of them directly
The Popular Mobilisation is headed by Jamal Jaafar Mohammed, also known as Abu Mahdi al-Mohandis, a former Badr Organisation commander who is close to Iranian General Qassem Soleimani
Militiamen have been accused of committing atrocities and acting with impunity. Activists say Sunni Arab civilians have been forced from their homes, kidnapped, and in some cases summarily killed


A senior army commander said the operation was focused on preventing IS from launching more attacks, and cutting supply lines to stop reinforcements and weapons reaching Tikrit.

The next step would be to "surround the towns completely, suffocate them and then pounce," Lt Gen Abdul Amir al-Zaidi told the AFP news agency.

Gen Zaidi said progress along roads into Tikrit had been slowed by sniper fire and roadside bombs planted by IS militants since they seized Saddam Hussein's hometown last June. On one 8km (5-mile) stretch of road, soldiers found about 100 mines and bombs.

Sectarianism fears

Troops taking part in the offensive have so far not received the support of US-led coalition aircraft.

Coalition officials said air strikes had not been requested by the Iraqi authorities, but there are reportedly concerns about the prominent role of Iran and its allied Shia militia.

Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, commander of the Revolutionary Guards' Quds Force, was said on Tuesday to have been directing operations from near the frontline east of Tikrit.

A senior commander in the main Shia alliance, Moeen al-Kadhimi, explained his strategy against IS to the BBC's Ahmed Maher

He was seen alongside the leader of the Popular Mobilisation, Abu Mahdi al-Mohandis, and Transport Minister Hadi al-Amiri, who heads the powerful Badr Organisation.

Iranian troops are also reportedly operating artillery, rocket launchers and aerial drones.

Gen Martin Dempsey, chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, said the Tikrit campaign signalled a new level of Iranian involvement but added that it could turn out to be "a positive thing".

"This is the most overt conduct of Iranian support, in the form of artillery and other things," he said in a response to questions from members of the Senate armed services committee.

"Frankly, it will only be a problem if it results in sectarianism."

The UN warned that the operation had to be conducted "with full respect for fundamental human rights principles and humanitarian law" after militia leaders vowed to seek revenge for the massacre of hundreds of soldiers, most of them Shia, at Camp Speicher near Tikrit in June.

Million dollar motor: When an ordinary car is not enough

What do you buy when an ordinary luxury car is just not good enough? How about a Dartz Prombron?

This monster is built on a Mercedes-Benz chassis. The list of options and features is breathtaking: V8 or V12 six-litre engine, a top speed of 194mph (312km/h), armour-plating, bullet-proof windows, electrified door handles, a choice of exotic leather interiors, dual petrol tanks, signal jammer... the list is almost endless.

The vehicle, which costs at least $1.1m (£730,000; €1m), is the brainchild of Leonard Yankelovich. He was born and grew up in Latvia, when it was still part of the Soviet Union. He trained as an engineer, and made a fortune from customising windows and other car parts in the 1990s.

The Dartz workshop and offices are located on the site of the old Russo-Baltic works in Latvia's capital Riga, where in the past luxury train carriages were made, as well as early models of armoured cars.
The car's body is armour-plated to enable a driver to make a quick getaway in the event of a shooting

"I am continuing a tradition," says Mr Yankelovich.

After a period of doing increasingly elaborate customisation work, Mr Yankelovich eventually moved into creating vehicles aimed at a new target market - the ultra wealthy.

"Rich people are strange people," he says.

He mentions that he has a client from the UAE who owned a Bugatti sports car, and who then became dissatisfied when his friends also bought Bugattis.

Luxury is too common a word… luxury you can buy in a supermarket. I use the word opulence.
Leonard Yankelovich, Dartz

He says it's like "two ladies [who] will hate to come to a party [wearing] the same dress".

Mr Yankelovich says his customers are often driven by a need to own something exclusive. Essentially they want something that other people cannot have, and that has been made especially for them.

In order to serve this market, he says he has to go beyond ordinary luxury.

"Luxury is too common a word… luxury you can buy in a supermarket," he says. "I use the word opulence."

One way to achieve this is through attention to detail. For example, buttons in the car are often gold-plated or made from titanium rather than plastic.

For Mr Yankelovich the aim is to commemorate the glories of the past when, in items made for Russian tsars, sometimes parts like screws would be engraved with the owner's name. Though unseen, the owner would know they were there.

"That's opulence," he says.
The Prombron is believed to be the world's most expensive SUV
All the car's internal features, such as the steering wheel, are finished with a high level of detail
The car windows are extra thick to protect passengers from any kind of attack

But trying to achieve this goal has sometimes caused him trouble. Amongst the exotic coverings that could be used to finish the car's interior he once suggested that whale penis leather could be an option.

A storm of protests followed, including objections from the actress Pamela Anderson. Mr Yankelovich backed down, although Dartz still offers a wide range of other leather finishes, including crocodile.

Another key selling point for the vehicle is protection. Armour-plating is built into the body of the car, rather than being bolted on afterwards and even the bonnet is armoured.

Mr Yankelovich says this is sometimes overlooked but is very important. If the bonnet is not protected, an attacker might be able to shoot at the engine and disable the vehicle, and then would be free to attack the car and its occupants at leisure.

The aim, he says, is not to build a tank, but to enable the car to get away as quickly as possible if a shot is fired - so there is no time for a second shot.
A Dartz car featured in the Sacha Baron Cohen film The Dictator

It may be this aspect that has attracted the interests of Hollywood filmmakers. Dartz cars have featured in several movies, including The Dictator.

A Dartz vehicle does not come cheap. Mr Yankelovich is coy about the exact price, partly because each model is individually made, and the huge range of options mean that final prices will vary a lot. However, he indicates that a vehicle is unlikely to cost less than a million euros.

Mr Yankelovich says he has had some success with his business, with sales to customers in several parts of the world. The biggest challenge though is to find more customers and grow the business further.

But does Dartz's approach provide the basis for a viable long-term business model?

Magic 'metamaterials' storm physics

One material on display was a rubber slab with programmable stiffness

Physicists are abuzz with possibilities for "metamaterials" that can be designed to have surprising properties.

Tweaking the structure of materials to manipulate things like their appearance is already fairly well-known; the next phase is changing their mechanics.

A major conference is alive with ideas, designs and samples including springy ceramics, unfeelability cloaks and programmable rubber sponges.

They could help build spacecraft tiles or even terrain-sensitive shoe soles.

"I think this idea of metamaterials is slowly migrating into different areas," said Prof Martin Wegener, from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany.

"Originally the excitement was all about electromagnetism - and then it went to totally different areas like thermodynamics and, lately, mechanics."

Prof Wegner also told the BBC that the term "metamaterial" has been applied to all sorts of weird and wonderful designs, without much consistency - but that it usually refers to a case where unusual properties jump out, which would not be expected from the original ingredients.

Now you feel it

Prof Wegener works on cloaking, but his aim is not to make things invisible. He wants to hide them from physical forces, and last year his lab produced a honeycomb-like material that made an object beneath it unfeelable.

This particular metamaterial was a solid lattice that acts like a fluid in certain ways, deflecting pressure around its hidden cargo.
A small honeycomb structure cloaked the cylinder beneath from being felt

Now the tiny, hidden cylinder was very small in that case (less than 1mm) but related work by Prof Wegener's team was picked up by French physicists and engineers, who showed that a careful pattern of drilled holes could divert damaging earthquake vibrations.

Turning the ground itself into a sort of metamaterial, it seems, might go so far as to protect a power station from a tremor.

Here at the American Physical Society's March Meeting, Prof Wegener presented his latest work - which includes cloaking a hole at the centre of a flat sheet - saying: "It’s a design principle. You can apply it to anything you want."

Set your sole

Elsewhere at the meeting, Bastiaan Florijn, a final-year PhD student at Leiden University in the Netherlands, showed reporters what he calls thefirst ever mechanically "programmable" material.

It is a surprisingly low-tech looking slab of rubber, punched with an array of holes. But those holes, of two sizes, are specifically designed so that they can compress either vertically or sideways - and that switch is controlled by adding a small clamp.

The end result is a sort of oversized sponge that can be stiff, or soft, or flit between the two at a specific stage of the squeeze.
Prof Bertoldi has worked on metal 'metamaterials' to improve engine components

If it switches to become softer while still under pressure, this is known as "negative stiffness" - a property so weird that Mr Florijn said he still hasn't worked out an application for it.

But the slabs have another property that could be immensely useful: they absorb energy.

"Imagine a car bumper that you can program - for instance, if you drive in a neighbourhood with a lot of small kids, you want to have a very soft bumper," Mr Florign said.

"But then if you're going fast on the highway, you want it to be stiff." He and his colleagues are also talking to shoe companies, who are interested in producing soles that adjust to different terrain.

Saving engines

Prof Katia Bertoldi of Harvard University also studies strange, elastic materials like this, which have a negative "Poisson ratio".

This means that when you compress them, instead of squashing out to the sides and getting both flatter and wider, they actually shrink in all directions.

Then when stretched, they expand in all directions. Prof Bertoldi's team has engineered various useful properties into such materials, including making them absorb sound at different frequencies when squeezed.

The Poisson ratio can also affect fatigue in a metal - so she has worked with Rolls Royce to design engine components with complex slits wound into them, which withstand many more cycles of compression before breaking.

To get unique properties, Prof Bertoldi said, "we can either engineer complex building blocks, or use simple ones and arrange them in an interesting way".

Tubular bounce

A team at the California Institute of Technology, meanwhile, has madevery small ceramics that do something entirely unprecedented: they spring back after being squashed by up to 50%.

They used a technique that builds material one atomic layer at a time, to create a network of hollow ceramic tubes.

The tube walls are just a few nanometres thick (millionths of a millimetre) and the whole lattice is thinner than a piece of paper.
The group's latest ceramic designs use a lattice of lattices, rather like the Eiffel Tower

"I could have several in my hand now and you wouldn’t know," said PhD student Lucas Meza.

Their raw material is aluminium oxide, which is stronger than steel - but like most ceramics, it is usually terribly brittle.

With the right thickness in the tube walls, however, these tiny specimens simply rebound from a blow. They are still far, far too small to be useful, but with enough investment Mr Meza is sure the ceramics will find a home, particularly "in places where our normal materials don't work".

Spacecraft or jet engines, for example, might use ceramic tiling rather than a metal shell, in order to withstand heat.

Stepbrother charged with Becky Watts murder in Bristol

Becky Watts went missing from her family home on 19 February

Nathan Matthews, the stepbrother of missing 16-year-old Becky Watts, has been charged with her murder, Avon and Somerset Police have said.

His girlfriend, Shauna Hoare, 21, also known as Shauna Phillips, has been charged with attempting to pervert the course of justice.

The pair, of Cotton Mill Lane, Bristol, are due before magistrates on Thursday.

Four other men and a woman, all in their 20s, are still being questioned on suspicion of assisting an offender.

Mr Matthews and Ms Hoare are due to appear at Bristol Magistrates Court at 10:00 GMT on Thursday.

Ms Hoare was last night taken to hospital by officers after "feeling unwell" in custody but returned after being seen by a doctor, police previously said.

Becky, who was described by her family as "wonderful", was last seen on 19 February and was reported missing the following day.
Nathan Matthews and Shauna Hoare were arrested at the weekend
Floral tributes have been left outside Becky's home in St George, Bristol

On Tuesday, body parts were found at a house in Barton Hill, Bristol.

Floral tributes have been left outside Becky's home and near the house where the body parts were found.

A fundraising page has also been set up to help pay for Becky's funeral.

St Ambrose Church, near the family home, is to hold a special hour-long service from 20:00.

On Thursday, the church will also open from 10:30 to 21:00 for people to light candles in the 16-year-old's memory.

A book of condolence has also been placed there.

The Right Reverend Mike Hill, Bishop of Bristol, paid tribute to Becky's family and said he had been "deeply" affected by the death.

"I feel sure that people both of faith and of no faith will join with me in wishing to support the friends and family of Becky Watts," he said.

On Wednesday morning, magistrates granted police a further 24 hours to question the two men aged 29, two aged 23 and a woman aged 23 who had been arrested earlier in the week on suspicion of assisting an offender.

'First human' discovered in Ethiopia

The

Scientists have unearthed the jawbone of what they claim is one of the very first humans.

The 2.8 million-year-old specimen is 400,000 years older than researchers thought that our kind first emerged.

The discovery in Ethiopia suggests climate change spurred the transition from tree dweller to upright walker.

The head of the research team told BBC News that the find gives the first insight into "the most important transitions in human evolution".

This is the most important transition in human evolution”Prof Brian VillmoareUniversity of Nevada

Prof Brian Villmoare of the University of Nevada in Las Vegas said the discovery makes a clear link between an iconic 3.2 million-year-old hominin (human-like primate) discovered in the same area in 1974, called "Lucy".

Could Lucy's kind - which belonged to the species Australopithecus afarensis - have evolved into the very first primitive humans?

"That's what we are arguing," said Prof Villmoare.

But the fossil record between the time period when Lucy and her kin were alive and the emergence of Homo erectus (with its relatively large brain and humanlike body proportions) two million years ago is sparse.

The 2.8 million-year-old lower jawbone was found in the Ledi-Geraru research area, Afar Regional State, by Ethiopian student Chalachew Seyoum. He told BBC News that he was "stunned" when he saw the fossil.

"The moment I found it, I realised that it was important, as this is the time period represented by few (human) fossils in Eastern Africa."

The fossil is of the left side of the lower jaw, along with five teeth. The back molar teeth are smaller than those of other hominins living in the area and are one of the features that distinguish humans from more primitive ancestors, according to Professor William Kimbel, director of Arizona State University's Institute of Human Origins.

These new studies challenge us to consider the very definition of what it is to be human”Prof Chris StringerNatural History Museum, London

"Previously, the oldest fossil attributed to the genus Homo was an upper jaw from Hadar, Ethiopia, dated to 2.35m years ago," he told BBC News.

"So this new discovery pushes the human line back by 400,000 years or so, very close to its likely (pre-human) ancestor. Its mix of primitive and advanced features makes the Ledi jaw a good transitional form between (Lucy) and later humans."

A computer reconstruction of a skull belonging to the species Homo habilis, which has been published in Nature journal, indicates that it may well have been the evolutionary descendant of the species announced today.

The researcher involved, Prof Fred Spoor of University College London told BBC News that, taken together, the new findings had lifted a veil on a key period in the evolution of our species.

"By discovering a new fossil and re-analysing an old one we have truly contributed to our knowledge of our own evolutionary period, stretching over a million years that had been shrouded in mystery," he said.

Climate change

The dating of the jawbone might help answer one of the key questions in human evolution. What caused some apes to climb down from the trees and make their homes on the ground.

A separate study in Science hints that a change in climate might have been a factor. An analysis of the fossilised plant and animal life in the area suggests that what had once been lush forest had become dry grassland.

As the trees made way for vast plains, apes found a way of exploiting the new environmental niche, developing bigger brains and becoming less reliant on having big jaws and teeth by using tools.

Prof Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London described the discovery as a "big story".

He says the new species clearly does show the earliest step toward human characteristics, but suggests that half a jawbone is not enough to tell just how human it was and does not provide enough evidence to suggest that it was this line that led to us.
The jawbone was found close to the area where Lucy was discovered

He notes that the emergence of human-like characteristics was not unique to Ethiopia.

"The human-like features shown by Australopithecus sediba in South Africa at around 1.95 million years ago are likely to have developed independently of the processes which produced (humans) in East Africa, showing that parallel origins are a distinct possibility," Prof Stringer explained.

This would suggest several different species of humans co-existing in Africa around two million years ago with only one of them surviving and eventually evolving into our species, Homo sapiens. It is as if nature was experimenting with different versions of the same evolutionary configuration until one succeeded.

Prof Stringer added: "These new studies leave us with an even more complex picture of early humans than we thought, and they challenge us to consider the very definition of what it is to be human. Are we defined by our small teeth and jaws, our large brain, our long legs, tool-making, or some combination of these traits?"

Boston bombing trial: Tsarnaev lawyer admits his guilt




The trial of the man accused of bombing the Boston Marathon two years ago has begun, with his defence lawyer telling the jury he committed the crime.

"It was him," the lawyer said as she prepared to defend Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's actions by saying he had been influenced by his older brother.

Mr Tsarnaev, 21, could face the death penalty and is charged with more than 30 counts relating to the bombings.

It was the deadliest terror attack on US soil since 9/11.

Speaking before the defence, a federal prosecutor said in opening statements on Wednesday that Tsarnaev had "murder in his heart" when he placed the bomb.

In 2013, Mr Tsarnaev pleaded not guilty to all charges related to the attack.

The left side of the court was filled with about two dozen of the attack's victims as the trial began.

Three people, including an eight-year-old boy, were killed after two pressure cooker bombs packed with nails, ball bearings and other shrapnel detonated in April 2013.

More than 260 people were injured, with many losing limbs.
A member of Mr Tsarnaev's defence team walks into the court Wednesday morning
Many victims of the bombings attended the first day of the trial

Opening statements

The prosecutor delivered his statements first. Mr Tsarnaev's lead defence attorney followed, and immediately shocked the court by candidly telling the jury that he was responsible for the attack.

The 21-year-old suspect slouched in his chair and stared straight ahead as the prosecutor, William Weinreb, began his opening statement.

Detailing the scene near the finish line just under two years ago, the prosecutor said: "The air was filled with the smell of burning sulphur and people's screams."

Mr Weinreb described the backpack bomb that Mr Tsarnaev allegedly planted at the finish as "the type of bombs favoured by terrorists because it's designed to tear people apart and create a bloody spectacle."

Among those in attendance were Denise and Bill Richard, whose 8-year-old son, Martin, died in the bombings.

As they looked on, the prosecutor told the jury that Ms Richard watched helplessly as "the bomb tore large chunks of flesh out of Martin Richard".

The boy had been standing on a metal barrier with other children so that he could better see the runners crossing the finish line.

Heather Abbott, who lost a leg in the attack, sat near the Richard family.

"While victims of the bombing lay in the hospital and learned that they would have to have their limbs chopped off to save their lives, the defendant pretended that nothing had happened," Mr Weinreb said, noting that Mr Tsarnaev returned to socialise with his friends at the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth following the attack.
The two bombs detonated at the finishing line of the Boston Marathon


Judy Clarke, a famed attorney who has represented a number of high-profile suspects in the past, began her opening remarks by saying: "It was him."

She said that her team would not attempt to "sidestep" Mr Tsarnaev's guilt in carrying out the "senseless, horribly misguided acts carried out by two brothers".

Instead, she will argue that his elder brother, Tamerlan, was the mastermind of the plot and coerced the younger sibling into being a submissive participant.

After the lawyers concluded their opening statements, several witnesses were brought before the jury to testify.

The jurors were also shown a video of one of the explosions. It showed a huge blast of smoke, and several police officers running to the scene.

Mr Tsarnaev is also accused of killing a police officer in the days after the bombing.

A huge police manhunt followed the attacks, culminating in Mr Tsarnaev's arrest and the death of his elder brother.

World's oldest person celebrates 117th birthday in Japan




The world's oldest person, a woman from Japan, is turning 117-years-old.

Misao Okawa, who was born on 5 March 1898 in Osaka, spent time with family the day before her actual birthday, to mark the occasion.

Speaking at Wednesday's celebrations she said that 117 years didn't seem like such a long time.

She now lives in a nursing home in Osaka and staff there said she has slowed down a bit in recent months and has trouble with her hearing.

Despite this she is still in good health and eats well.

Born to a kimono maker, Mrs Okawa married her husband Yukio in 1919. He died in 1931.

They had two daughters and a son. Mrs Okawa now has four grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

She was officially recognised as the world's oldest person in 2013 by Guinness World Records.

Tuesday, 3 March 2015

"āļ¯āļąේāˇ‚ āļ¸āļ¯ුāļģංāļœ āļ‘āļ¯ිāļģිāˇƒූāļģිāļē"


āļ¸ේ āļ´ොāļ§ෝ āļ‘āļšේ āļ‰āļą්āļą āļ¸ිāļ­ුāļģා facebook āļ‘āļą, āˇ€āļģ්āļŽāļ¸ාāļĢāļēේ āļļොāˇ„ෝāļ¯ෙāļąා āļ¯āļą්āļą āļšෙāļąෙāļš් āļ”āˇ„ු āļąāļ¸ිāļą් "āļ¯āļąේāˇ‚ āļ¸āļ¯ුāļģංāļœ āļ‘āļ¯ිāļģිāˇƒූāļģිāļē" āļ”āˇ„ු āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļ´ිāļą්āļšāļ¸් facebook āļ¸ිāļ­ුāļģ āļ¸ිāļ­ුāļģිāļēāļą් āļ‘āļšāļ­ුāļšāļģāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා.

āļļāļŊāļą්āļą āļ¸ේ āļ´ොāļ§ෝāļ‘āļš āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āļšෙāļąෙāļš් āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ¸්āļ¸ා āļŊāļœāļ§ āļ‹āļ´āˇƒ්āļŽාāļą āļšāļģāļą්āļą āļ­ිāļēා āļąිāļšāļ¸්āˇ€āļ­් āļŊāļą්āˇ€ෙāļą්āļą āļšැāļ¸āļ­ිāˇ€ෙāļą්āļąේ āļšීāļēෙāļą් āļšීāļ¯ෙāļąාāļ¯..? āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļ…āļēāļ§ āļ‘āˇ„ෙāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļšāļģāļą්āļą āļ…āļ¸ාāļģුāļēි. āļ”āˇ„ු āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ­āļģුāļĢāļēෙāļš් āļąොāļšāļģāļą āļ¯ෙāļēāļš්. āļ¸ේ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āļē āļ°āļąේāˇ‚ āļ¸ීāļ§ āļ§ිāļš āļšාāļŊෙāļšāļ§ āļšāļŊිāļą් āļœāļ­්āļ­ āļ‘āļšāļš්, āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€ෙāļ¯්āļ¯ි āļ”āˇ„ුāļœේ profile āļ´ිāļą්āļ­ුāļģāļē āˇ€ිāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ§ āļ”āˇ„ු āļ’āļš āļēොāļ¯ාāļœෙāļą āļ­ිāļēෙāļąāˇ€ා. āļ’ āļšිāļēāļą්āļąේ āļ”āˇ„ුāļ§āļ­් āļ¸ේ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€ āļ­āļ¯ිāļą් āˇƒිāļ­āļ§ āˇƒංāˇ€ේāļ¯ී āļ¸āļ­āļšāļēāļš් āļ‹āļąා āļšිāļēāļą āļ‘āļšāļēි.

āļ¸ිāļ­ුāļģ āļ”āļļ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļą āļ´ිāļą්āļšāļ¸් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļ¯āˇ€ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļąිāļ­āļģ āļ´ිāļą්āļ´ොāļ­ෙāˇ„ි āˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąāļš් āļ­ැāļļීāļ¸āļ§ āļąොāˇ„ැāļšි āļ‹āļąāļ­් āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸ āˇƒāļ­ුāļ§ිāļą්. āļ¸ේ āļ´ිāļą්āļšāļ¸āļ­් āļ”āļļ āļģāļ§ේ āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ¯ āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāˇ€āļŊ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļą āļ´ිāļą්āļšāļ¸්, āļ´ිāļą් āļ´ොāļ­ෙāˇ„ි āļ…āļ´ි āˇƒāļ­ුāļ§ිāļą් āļ…āļąුāļ¸ෝāļ¯āļą් āˇ€ෙāļąāˇ€ා..!

āļ’āˇ€āļœේāļ¸ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§āļ­් āļąොāļēෙāļš් āļ´ිāļą්āļšāļ¸් āļšāļģāļœāļą්āļąāļ§ āļ”āļļāļ§ āļ­ෙāļģුāˇ€āļąේ āļ…āļąāļą්āļ­ āļ†āˇිāļģ්āˇ€ාāļ¯āļē āļŊැāļļේāˇ€ා.!

āˇƒාāļ¯ු āˇƒාāļ¯ු āˇƒාāļ¯ු..!!

āļ´ිāļēāˇ€ි āļ‡āˇƒ āļģāˇ€āļ§āļą āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāˇ€ āļ°āļģ්āļ¸āļēේ āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ීāļ¸āļš් āļšැāļ¸āļģාāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą් āˇ€ූ āļ…āļēුāļģු



āļ¸ේ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āļēෙāļą් āļ¯ැāļš්āˇ€ෙāļą āˇƒිāļ¯්āļ°ිāļē āˇ„āļģāˇ„ා āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ¸ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš් āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļēෙāļą් āļ”āļļ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āˇƒāļ­ුāļ§āļ§ āļ´āļ­්āˇ€āļąāˇ€ා āˇ€āļą්āļąāļ§ āļ´ුāˇ…ුāˇ€āļą.

āļšොāˇ… āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ­ි āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ෙāļšු āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¸ුāļœāļ§ි āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ෙāļš් āļģැāļœෙāļą āļ´ිāļēාāļšා āļēāļą āˇƒංāˇ€ේāļ¯ී āļ¯āļģ්āˇāļąāļēෙāļą් āļ”āļļ āļšුāļŊ්āļ¸āļ­් āˇ€āļąāˇ€ා āˇ€āļą්āļąāļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි āļē.

āļ‘āˇ„ෙāļ­්, āļ”āļļāļœේ āļąිāļœāļ¸āļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢāļēෙāļą් āˇ€ැāļģāļ¯ි āļē.

āļ¸ේ āļ¸ිāļ­්‍āļģāļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš් āļąොāˇ€ේ. āļ…āˇ„ිංāˇƒāļš āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ෙāļšු, āļ¸ුāļœāļ§ිāļēෙāļšුāļœේ āļœ්‍āļģāˇ„āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ිāļ¯ී āļ¯ිāˇ€ි āļœāļŊāˇ€ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļšි.

āļ¸ාāļģ්āļ§ිāļą් āļŊී āļ¸ේ āļąāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ‘ංāļœāļŊāļą්āļ­ āļĸාāļ­ිāļšāļēෙāļšු āļąැāļœෙāļąāˇ„ිāļģ āļŊāļą්āļŠāļąāļēේ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ි Hornchurch Country Park āļąāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ‹āļ¯්‍āļēාāļąāļēේāļ¯ී āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āļē āļœෙāļą āļ­ිāļļේ.

āˇ€ිāļąෝāļ¯ාංāˇāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļąිāļģāļ­ āļ”āˇ„ු āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļą්āļąේ, āˇƒිāļē āļļිāļģිāļŗ āˇƒāļ¸āļœ āļ…āļ¯ාāˇ… āļ‹āļ¯්‍āļēාāļąāļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ිāļēāļ¯ී āļšොāˇ… āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ­ි āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ෙāļšු āļ´ිāļēාāļšා āļœෙāļą āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි āļļāˇ€ āļē.

āļ‘āˇ€ැāļąි āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ෙāļšු āļ­āļ¸āļą් āļ‰āļą් āļ´ෙāļģ āļ¯ැāļš āļąොāļ­ිāļļූ āˇ„ෙāļēිāļą් āˇ€āˇ„ා āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āļēāļš් āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­් āļļāˇ€ āļ”āˇ„ු āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļēි.

āļšෙāˇƒේ āˇ€ෙāļ­āļ­්, āļ…āļ¯ාāˇ… āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ා āļšෑ āļœāˇƒāļ¸ිāļą් āˇ€ේāļœāļēෙāļą් āļ´ිāļēාāļšා āļœෙāļą āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි āļļāˇ€ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āļē āļœැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļ”āˇ„ුāļ§ āˇ€ැāļ§āˇ„ී āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‰āļą්āļ´āˇƒු āļ‘āļ¸ āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ා āļ†āˇ„ාāļģāļēāļ§ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ුāļœāļ§ි āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ෙāļšු āļ‹āļœේ āļļෙāļŊ්āļŊෙāˇ„ි āļ‘āļŊ්āļŊී āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļļāˇ€ āļ¸ාāļģ්āļ§ිāļą් āļŊී āļ¸ේ āļ¯ැāļš āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļ‘āļē āļ¯ුāļ§ු āˇ€āˇ„ා āļ¸ āļ­āļ¸āļą් āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ා āļļේāļģා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āļēāļą āļ…āļ­āļģāļ­ුāļģ āļ¸ුāļœāļ§ිāļēා āļļිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āˇ€ූ āˇ„ෙāļēිāļą් āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ා āļœ්‍āļģāˇ„āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ිāļ¯ුāļĢු āļļāˇ€ āļ¸ාāļģ්āļ§ිāļą් āļŊී āļ¸ේ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļēි.

āļ’ āļ…āļ­āļģāˇ€ාāļģāļēේ āļšොāļ§්āļ§ෝāļģුāˇ€ා āˇ€āˇ„ා āļ‰āļœිāˇ… āļœොāˇƒ් āˇƒිāļē āļĸීāˇ€ිāļ­āļē āļļේāļģා āļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­.

āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą්āļœේ āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒේ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€





āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ°āļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āļœāļąී. āļ¯āļšුāļĢු āļ†āˇƒිāļēාāļ­ිāļš āļģāļ§āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ූ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ිāļē āˇƒෑāļ¸ āļļිāļ¸් āļ…āļŸāļŊāļš් āļ´ුāļģාāˇ€āļ§ āļ¸ āļ´ැāļ­ිāļģ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļģāļ§āļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āˇ„ැāļŗිāļą්āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ¯ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇ€āļą්āļąේ, āļ…āļą් āļ†āˇƒිāļēාāļąු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ්āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļ…āļą්‍āļēāļ­ා āļģැāˇƒāļšිāļą් āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļē āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸āļēි. āļ…āļ´ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­්āˇ€āļą āˇ€āļ§āļ´ිāļ§ාāˇ€ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒāļģāļŊāˇ€ āļ¸ āˇ„ැāļŗිāļą්āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļš. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒāļģāļŊ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļšāļŽāļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āˇ„ා āļ¯ිāˇ€ āļœිāļē āļ‰āļ­ා āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļ‘āļšී āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļšාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී.



āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āˇ„ා āļ‘āļšāļąෙāļšāļ§ āļ¯ිāˇ€āļēāļą āļļුāļ¯්āļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āļ¸ āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āļšොāļ§්āļ¨ාāˇƒāļē āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒා āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļē. āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āļ…āļ´ āˇ€āļ§ා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ°āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ…āļ´ āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ…āļē. āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļē āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļēāļšිāļą් āļ­ොāļģāˇ€ āļ¯ āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¯ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ…āļœāļēāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļē āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļēāļą් āļœෙāļą් āļ­ොāļģ āˇ€ āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļąිāˇƒා āļąූāļ­āļąāļēේ āļ‡āļ­ි āˇ€ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ‹āˇ€āļ¯ුāļģු āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšොāļ§ āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ¯ෛāļąිāļš āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļą āļģāļ§ාāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āˇ€ෙāļ­ිāļą් āļ…āļ¯ාāˇ… āļ¯ෑ āļ‹āļšāˇ„ාāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒා āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¯āļš්āˇ€āļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļŊ්āļ´ āˇ€ූ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ ාāļģāļēāļšි.



āļœ‍්‍āļģීāļš āļˇාāˇ‚ාāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļ”āļēිāļšāˇƒ් āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€āļēි. āļ­āļ¸āļą් āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€āļą āˇ€āļ§āļ´ිāļ§ාāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ’ āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ āļ¯āļš්āˇ€āļą āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ් āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āˇƒāļģāļŊ āļ¸ āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļēි. āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ‰āļŠāˇ„āˇƒāļģ āļ…āļ­ි āˇ€ිāˇාāļŊ āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ„ේāļ­ු āļĩāļŊāˇ€ාāļ¯āļēāļą් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇ„ා āļœැāļ§ී āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļĸāļŊāļē, āˇ€ාāļ­āļē, āˇ„ිāļģුāļ‘āˇ…ිāļē, āļœāˇ„āļšොāˇ…, āˇƒāļ­ා āˇƒිāˇ€්āļ´ාāˇ€ුāļą්, āļœේ āļ¯ොāļģ, āˇƒāļ¸ුāļ¯්‍āļģāļē āļ¸ෙāļšී āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¸ āļ…āļ´ āļ¯ෛāļąිāļš āˇ€ āļĸීāˇ€ිāļ­āļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ­āļ¯āļļāļŊ āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ‡āˇƒුāļģු āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒාāļ°āļšāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļļ āˇƒාāļ°āļš āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļĸීāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āļŊāļļා āļ¯ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āˇƒāļģāļŊ āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļēāļš් āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­ීāļ¸ āļ…āļąිāˇ€ාāļģ්āļēāļē āˇ€ෙāļēි.



āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļēේ (Environmental journalism) āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļšී āļšāļģුāļĢු āļšාāļģāļĢා āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļąි. āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēාāˇ€ේāļ¯ිāļēා āļēāļąු āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ීāļ¸් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ෙāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸ීāļ´ āļšāļģāˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­්āļˇාāˇ€āļē āˇƒැāļŊāˇƒීāļ¸ āļēāļą āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āˇ„ැāļ¯ෑāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļą āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēාāļēි. āļ‘āļē āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­āļē āˇ„ා āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļē āļēāļą āļšāļģුāļĢු āļ¸āļ­ āļŊāļļāļą āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļœāļ­ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļēāļšි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ° āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ීāˇ€ āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ¯ āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āˇƒිāļēāļŊු āļ¯ෙāļąාāļœේ āļ¸ āļšාāļģ්āļēāļˇාāļģāļē āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ීāļ¸් āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļēි. āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļēāļą āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ීāˇ€ āļ¯ āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļ¸ āˇ€ූ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€ේ. āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļ­āˇ€āļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļąāˇ€ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāˇ€āļēāļš් āˇ€ුāˇ€ āļ¯ āļēුāļģෝāļ´āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļ´‍්‍āļģිāļšාāļąු āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļĸāļąāļ´‍්‍āļģිāļē āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ­ා āļœොāļŠāļąāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēāļš් āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļ­් āˇ€ී āˇ„āļ¸ාāļģāļē.

āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē, āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢāļē āļēāļą āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēෙāļą් āļļිāļŗී āļ†āˇ€āļšි. āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢāļē āļēāļą āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļē āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āˇāļ­āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚ āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš āˇƒිāļ§ āļŊොāˇ€ āļ´ුāļģා āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ූ āļĸāļąāļ´‍්‍āļģිāļē āˇ€ිāļąෝāļ¯ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāļēāļš් āˇ€ිāļē. āļ¯ේāˇāļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļš āļš‍්‍āļģිāˇƒ්āļ§ෝāļ´āļģ් āļšොāļŊොāļ¸්āļļāˇƒ් (Christopher Columbus) āļģැāļŊ්āˇ†් āˇ€ැāļŊ්āļŠෝ āļ‘āļ¸āļģ්āˇƒāļģ් (Ralph Waldo Emerson) āˇ„ෙāļą්āļģි āļŠේāˇ€්āļŠ් āļ­ෝāļģිāˇ€් (Henry David Thoreaw) āļēāļąාāļ¯ීāļą් 19 āˇ€āļą āˇāļ­ āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚āļēේ āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸෝāļą් āļļāļģෝ (John Burrough) āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸෝāļą් āļ¸ූāļēිāļģ් (John Muir) 20 āˇ€āļą āˇāļ­ āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚āļēේāļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€ීāļĢāļēāļą් āˇ€ූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ ාāļŊ්āˇƒ් āļŠාāˇ€ිāļą් āˇ€ැāļąි āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ුāļ›āļēāļą් āļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēේ āļšැāļ´ී āļ´ෙāļąේ. āļ¸ොāˇ€ුāļą් āˇƒිāļē āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāˇ… āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļ¸ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāˇ€āļŊිāļē āˇ€ූāļēේ āˇƒිāļē āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢ āļ¯āļ­්āļ­ āˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą් āļšāļģ āļ­ැāļļීāļ¸āļēි.



āļ‘āļ¸ āļ¯āļ­්āļ­ āļ´āˇƒු āļšāļŊෙāļš āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸ āļ´āˇ€ා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āˇ€ූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļą් āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļĸāļąāļ´‍්‍āļģිāļē āˇ€ූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇ€ැāļŠි āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļēāļš් āļ¯ිāļąා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļ­් āˇ€ිāļē. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē, āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„ැāļŠāļœැāˇƒීāļ¸ 1960 āļ¯āˇāļšāļēෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ිāļē. āļ¸ේ āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ීāˇ€ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļą්āļąිāˇ€ේāļ¯āļą āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇ€ී āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļą්āļąිāˇ€ේāļ¯āļąāļēේ āļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ‘āļš් āļšාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļœāļ­ āˇ€ිāļē. āļēුāļģෝāļ´āļē āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇ€ āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœී āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļąිāˇƒා āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€āļĢāļ­ා āļ¸ොāˇ„ොāļ­ිāļą් āļ¸ොāˇ„ොāļ­ āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļēāļ§ āļŊāļš් āˇ€ිāļē. āļ¸ේ āļąිāˇƒා āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒා āˇ€āļ§ා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļēāˇ„āļ¯ාāļēāļš āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļ…āˇ€āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļēāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€ූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ේ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļąිāļ­āļģ āļ¯ෙāˇ€ේāļŊේ āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒ් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ´ැāļą āļąැāļœිāļĢි. āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒාāļœේ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāˇ€āļŊීāļą් āˇ„ි āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ´ෝāˇ‚āļĢāļē āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļ¸āļ­ුāļŊිāļ­āļ­ාāˇ€ āļļිāļŗāˇ€ැāļ§ීāļ¸ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇ€ූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļē āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒා āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āļ¸ āļšāļģāļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ු āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ­ීāļģāļĢāļē āˇ€ිāļē. āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ…āˇ€āˇƒාāļąāļē āˇ€ූāļēේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēාāˇ€්āļ¯ීāļą් āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āˇ€ේāļœāļēෙāļą් āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļœāļ­ āˇ€ීāļ¸āļēි.


āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ 1966 āˇƒිāļ§ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļą්‍āļēාāļēāļ´āļ­‍්‍āļģ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€ා āļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ිāļē. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļąීāļ­ි (Environmental Policy) āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ†āļ ාāļģ āļ°āļģ්āļ¸ (Environmental Ethics) āļ†āļ¯ිāļē āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļœāļ­ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ° āˇ„ාāļąිāļ¯ාāļēāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą් āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœāļą්āļąා āļŊāļ¯ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ’āˇ€ාāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­්āļˇාāˇ€āļē āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēුāļ­් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ”āˇƒ්āˇƒේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ ාāļģāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ„ාāļąිāļ¯ාāļēāļš āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āˇƒුāļģැāļšීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļąීāļ­ි āļģෙāļœුāļŊාāˇƒි āˇƒැāļšāˇƒීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļģāļĸāļēāļ§ āļļāļŊ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ිāļē. āļ¸ේ āļąිāˇƒා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļšāļēāļą් āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļœāļ­ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āļēුāļģෝāļ´āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļ´‍්‍āļģිāļšාāˇ€ āļ´ුāļģා āˇ€ේāļœāļēෙāļą් āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ 1990 āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą්āļœේ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ āļšāˇ€āļē (Society of Environmental Journalists) āļļිāˇ„ි āˇ€ිāļē. āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēāˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļšāļģāļĢāļē āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­්, āļ’ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ āļąිāˇ€ැāļģāļ¯ි āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļē āļ´ෙāļą්āˇ€ා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ­් āļē. āļąූāļ­āļąāļē āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēāˇ€āļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļēāļą āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļŊොāˇ€ āļ´ුāļģා āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļŠāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ීāˇ€ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāˇ„ු āļ¯ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģී āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āˇƒිāļ§ිāļ­ි.



āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ°āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš් āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļļāˇ€ āļ…āļ¸ුāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļšිāˇ€āļēුāļ­ු āļąො āˇ€ේ. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļą්āļąිāˇ€ේāļ¯āļą āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸ āˇ„āļ¸ුāˇ€ේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­āļ­ාāˇ€ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļœāļ­ āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ…āˇ€āļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ°āļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āļ’āˇ€ාāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļē āļŊāļļා āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ­්, āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āļ¸ේ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āˇƒāļģāļŊāˇ€ āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ° āļšāļģāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļšි‍්‍āļģāļēාāļ¯ාāļ¸āļēāļēි. āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¯ී āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸, āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āļģāļ§ා āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€ීāļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸෛāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāˇ€ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ¯ āļ¯āˇ… āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļēāļš් āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ී āˇ€ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļœුāļĢ āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē.

āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāˇ€ āļ¸ āˇ„ැāļ¯ෑāļģිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āˇƒāˇ„ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļąොāˇ€āļą āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļļāˇ„ුāļŊāˇ€ āļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēංāˇ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āˇƒිāļ§ āˇාāļ›ා āˇƒāļ¸ිāļ­ි āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āˇ€ූ āļ´ෙāˇ… āļœැāˇƒීāļ¸āļš āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļ­ුāˇ… āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ´āļ­්āļ­ි āļ†āļ ාāļģāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āļģීāļ­ිāļœāļ­ āļšāļģුāļĢු āļ†āļ¯ිāļē āˇƒāļģāļŊ āˇƒැāļšැāˇƒ්āļ¸āļš් āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļēේ āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ේāˇāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāˇ€ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēංāˇāļē, āˇ€āļąāļĸීāˇ€ි āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēංāˇāļē, āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē, āˇ€āļąāļĸීāˇ€ී āļ¯ෙāļ´ාāļģ්āļ­āļ¸ේāļą්āļ­ුāˇ€ āļ†āļ¯ී āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļš. āļ†āļēāļ­āļąāļœāļ­āˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļąීāļ­ි āļģෙāļœුāļŊාāˇƒි āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€āļ§ිāļąාāļšāļ¸āļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­් āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģ āļ­āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ¸āļąා āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļēāļš් āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ිāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇාāˇƒ්āļ­ි‍්‍āļģāļē āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļąāļēāļēි.



āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēāļšිāļą් āļ­ොāļģāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āˇ„ැāļ¯ැāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸ āˇƒāļšāˇƒා āļœāļ­ āļąොāˇ„ැāļš. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē, āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ­āļŊāļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļ´‍්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒැāļšāˇƒුāļĢු āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļļāļŊāļ¸ුāˇ…ුāˇ€āļš් āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ´‍්‍āļģāļēෝāļĸāļąāˇ€āļ­්āļē. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļē āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ…āļ´ේāļš්‍āˇ‚ිāļ­ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒාāļą āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢු āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒුāļģāļš්‍āˇ‚ිāļ­āļ­ාāˇ€ āļąāļ¸්, āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ¯ිāļģිāļœැāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ිāļą් āļŊැāļļීāļ¸ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් āļē. āļąූāļ­āļąāļēේ āļ´‍්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą් āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļ­āˇ…ොāˇƒ්āˇƒāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ´‍්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļœැāļ§āļŊු āļēāļ¸් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļšිāļą් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļšāļģāļĢāļē āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļēි. āļ‘āˇƒේ āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€āļĢāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āˇ„ැāļš්āļšේ āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් āļ´āļ¸āļĢි. āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēුāļ­් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­්āļˇාāˇ€āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āˇ€ැāļąි āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ි āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ ාāļģāļē āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļąොāˇ€āļą āļ­āļģāļ¸්āļē.



āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāˇ€ āļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­ි āˇ€ී āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļēāļ¸් āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļœැāļ§āļŊුāˇ€āļš් āļ¯, āļēāļą්āļą āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ° āļšāļģāļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āˇ„ාāļąිāļē āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēāļš āļąිāļēැāˇ…ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļœැāļ§āļŊුāˇ€ āļąිāˇƒා āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļą් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āˇ„ාāļąිāļē āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ° āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ’ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āˇ€ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´, āˇ€ීāļŠිāļēෝ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē, āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€ිāļ ාāļģ, āˇ€ිāˇ€ේāļ āļą āļ†āļ¯ි āļ¯āļ­්āļ­ āļ’āļšāļģාāˇී āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ¸ෙāļē āļ‘āļš්āļ­āļģා āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļšāļ§ āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļšāļģāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¯ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€ා āļ¯ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļē. āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļēāļ¯ා āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ූ āļģāļ­ුāļ´āˇƒ්āˇ€āļŊ āļ›ේāļ¯āˇ€ාāļ āļšāļē, āļ¸ීāļ§ āļšāļ¯ිāļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯ාāˇ„āļģāļĢāļēāļšි. āļ¯ීāļģ්āļ āļšාāļŊāļēāļš āˇƒිāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ූ āļĸāļŊ āˇ„ාāļąිāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇƒāļ§ āļ‘āļš්āļģැāˇƒ් āˇ€ූ āļģāˇƒාāļēāļąිāļš āļ¯්‍āļģāˇ€්‍āļē āļ¯ෛāļąිāļš āļĸීāˇ€ිāļ­ āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļ­් āˇ€ිāļē. āļ¯ෛāļąිāļš āļĸීāˇ€ිāļ­āļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¯ී āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¯āļšිāļą āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļœැāļ§āļŊුāļšාāļģී āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļēැāļēි āˇƒැāļŊāļšුāˇ€āļ¯ āļ’ āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āˇ€ āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢāļēāļš āļąිāļēැāˇ…ෙāļą්āļąෙāļšුāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­ āļšāļ¯ිāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­් āļ…āļąාāˇ€āļģāļĢāļēāļš් āˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļē āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ¸ෑāļ­āļšāļ¯ී āˇ„āļ¸ු āˇ€ූ āļ‘āļš් āļ‹āļ¯ාāˇ„āļģāļĢāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢි. āļ‘āˇ€ැāļąි āļ¸ āˇ€ූ‍ āˇƒිāļ¯්āļ°ීāļą් āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš් āļąීāļ­්‍āļēāļąුāļšූāļŊ āļŊේāļļāļŊāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļąීāļ­්‍āļēāļąුāļšූāļŊ āļąොāˇ€āļą āļ­āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš āˇƒිāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļļāˇ€ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļš āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āļąො āˇ€ේ. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ැāļąි āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļēāļą් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēāļš් āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ිāļē āļēුāļ­්āļ­ේ āļ¸ෙāļļැāˇ€ිāļąි.



āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ැāļąි āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļēāļš් āļ­ුāˇ… āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ…āļģ්āļŽāļēāļš් āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ිāļą් āļ¯āļšිāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą්āļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āļ’ āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ āļ…āļˇ්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģිāļšāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļœැāļ§āļŊුāļšාāļģී āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āˇ€ැāļąි āļ¯āļ­්āļ­ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āļ…āļ­āļģāļ§ āˇƒāļą්āļąිāˇ€ේāļ¯āļąāļē āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āˇƒāˇ„ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļąොāˇ€āļą āˇƒංāˇ€ිāļ°ාāļąāļēāļą්āˇ„ි āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļąෛāļ­ිāļš āļģෙāļœුāļŊාāˇƒි āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļąූāļ­āļąāļēේ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļœුāļĢ āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€ීāļ¸් āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ°āļē āļ‘āļē āˇƒ්āˇ€āļēං āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēāļš් āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļ­් āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ිāļ­ āˇ€ූ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēāļą් āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēāļš් āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļ­් āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ිāļ­ āˇ€ූ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēāļą් āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ‰āļŠ āˇ„āˇƒāļģ āˇƒāļšāˇƒා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļš. āļ‹āļ¯ාāˇ„āļģāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēāļš āļąිāļēැāˇ…ෙāļą්āļąෙāļšුāļ§ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļąීāļ­ි, āļ†āļ ාāļģ āļ°āļģ්āļ¸, āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļģෙāļœුāļŊාāˇƒි āļ†āļ¯ිāļē āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļē āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€, āļ‘āļ¸ āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āļ´ාāļģ්āˇāˇ€āļēāļą් āˇ€ෙāļ­ āļ†āļģෝāļ´āļĢāļē āļšāļģāļŊීāļ¸āļ­්, āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœāļ­් āļœැāļ§ුāļ¸්āļšාāļģී āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āˇ€ෙāļ­ āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŗුāļ¸් āˇƒෙāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ­් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāˇ… āˇ„ැāļš. āļ¸ෙāļē āˇ€ිāļ¸āļģ්āˇāļąාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēāļą් āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļē.



1980 āļ¯āˇāļšāļēේ, āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€ීāļ¸් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ෙāļą් āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄාāˇ€āļ§ āļļāļŗුāļą් āˇ€ිāļē. 1988 āļ¯ී āļ´āˇ…āļ¸ුāˇ€āļģāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļ´ිāļ§ුāļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļē āļēොāļ¸ු āˇ€ිāļē. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¸ිāˇ„ිāļ¸āļŦāļŊ āļ‹āļĢුāˇƒුāļ¸් āˇ€ීāļ¸ (Global Warming) āļ¸ොāļą්āļ§ි‍්‍āļģāļēෙāļŊ් āļ´්‍āļģොāļ§ොāļšෝāļŊ් (Montreal Protocol) āˇ€ැāļąි āˇƒāļ¸්āļ¸ුāļ­ීāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āļ¯ිāļģිāļœැāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ිāļē. āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ් āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āˇƒāļˇාāˇ€ (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC) āˇƒāļ¸ුāˇ…ුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ‘āļš් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊāļēāļšි. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āļ°ාāļģාāˇ€āļą් āˇƒුāļŊāļļāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āˇ„ැāļš්āļšේ āļēුāļģෝāļ´āļē āˇ€ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļ‡āˇƒුāļģෙāļąි. āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€āļĢāļ­ාāˇ€āļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļģāļ§āļš āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœීāļ¸ āļ­āļģāļ¸āļš āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ¯, āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€āļĢāļ­ා āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ„āļģāˇ„ා āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āˇƒāļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēි āˇ€ේ. āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļ´āˇ…ාāļ­ āļļāˇ„ුāļŊāˇ€ āļēොāļ¸ු āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ…āļŊාāļˇāˇ„ාāļąි āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‰āļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€ීāļ¸් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļēāļ¸් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēී āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļšි. āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļœāļ­ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēāļš් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ´āļ­්āļ­ි āˇƒැāļšāˇƒිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ’ āļ’ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą් āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą්āļœේ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ි āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ාāļšāļģāļĢāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­āļˇාāˇ€āļē āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ‘āļš් āļ´‍්‍āļģāˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āˇ„ෝ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ ාāļģāļē āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€ැāˇƒි āˇ€ැāļŠāļ´ිāˇ…ිāˇ€ෙāˇ…āļš් āļœොāļŠāļąāļœා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļąāļ¸් āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ¸ āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢ āˇ€āļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ි āļŊා āļĸāļąāļ´‍්‍āļģිāļē āˇ€ෙāļēි. āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēුāļ­් āļģූāļ´āˇ€ාāˇ„ිāļąි āļąාāļŊිāļšා āļļිāˇ„ිāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāļ¸ āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸ āļ¸ේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļēේ āļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ‘āļš් āļ´ැāļ­ිāļšāļŠāļšි.



āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą් āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා, āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļ­ාāˇ€ āļąිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ¸ āˇƒිāļē āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēාāļˇිāļ¸ුāļ› āļ¸ූāļŊාāˇ‍්‍āļģ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āˇƒāļ´āļēāļēි. āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢāļē, āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ›ාāļ¯āļąāļē, āļĸāļŊ āˇ€ිāļ¯ුāļŊි āļąිāˇ‚්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē, āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āļšොāļ§āˇƒ්, āˇ„āļģිāļ­ාāļœාāļģ āˇ€ාāļēු āˇ€ිāļ¸ෝāļ āļąāļē, āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļœāļŊ් āļšැāļŠීāļ¸, āˇ€ැāļŊි āļœොāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸, āļ’āļšāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āˇාāļ› āˇ€ිāļąාāˇāļē, āļĸාāļą āļ¸ංāļšොāļŊ්āļŊāļē, āļ†āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸āļĢිāļš āˇාāļ›, āļ…āļąāˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ´āˇƒ් āļœොāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸, āˇ€āļœුāļģු āļļිāļ¸් āļœොāļŠ āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āļšුāļšුāļģු āļ‰āļŠāļ¸් āļœොāļŠ āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āļœිāļąි āļŊෑāļ¸, āļ´ිāļ¯ුāļģු āˇ€ැāļąි āļšාāļļāļąිāļš āļ´ොāˇ„ොāļģ āˇ€ිāļąාāˇ āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āļ¯āļŠāļēāļ¸, āļšුāļĢු āļšāˇƒāˇ… āˇƒāˇ„ āļģāˇƒාāļēāļąිāļš āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģāˇ€්‍āļē āļ…āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€āļ­්āˇ€ āļļැāˇ„ැāļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āļ­āļŊ් āļ¸ිāļąිāļģāļą් āˇ„ෑāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļąි āļ¯ෛāļąිāļšāˇ€ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āˇ„āļ¸ුāˇ€āļą āļœැāļ§āļŊුāļšාāļģී āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą් āˇ€ෙāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸ීāļ´āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą්āļœේ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēāļœāļ­ āļ´ැāļ­ිāļšāļŠāļšි. āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļ‰āļ­ා āļšුāļŠා āļ¯ිāˇ€āļēිāļąāļš āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āˇƒāļ¸āļ­ුāļŊිāļ­ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ„āļģāļĢāļē āļēāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļš āļ´āļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģාāļœāļ­āˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āļ›ේāļ¯āļąීāļē āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš් āˇ€āļąු āļąොāļ…āļąුāļ¸ාāļąāļē. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇ€āˇ…āļš්āˇ€ාāļŊීāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€āˇ„ āˇ€āˇ„ා āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē.



āļ´ෘāļŽිāˇ€ිāļēේ āļ‹āļĢුāˇƒුāļ¸ āļ‰āˇ„āˇ…āļēාāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ 21 āˇ€āļą āˇƒිāļēāˇ€āˇƒ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ­āˇ€āļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļēāļąු āļ‡āļ­. āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ¸ුāˇ…ු āļĸāļą āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€ෙāļą් 21‍% - 38% āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ… āļšි.āļ¸ී. 30 - 100 āļ…āļ­āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļą්āˇ„ි āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ෙāļēි. āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ… āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­āˇ€ āļœොāļŠ āļąැāļœී āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļ°ි āļļොāˇ„ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āˇƒිāļē āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē āļ­āļģ āļšāļģāļēි. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ„ා āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļąිāˇƒා āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ¸ිāˇ„ිāļ­āļŊāļē āļ‹āļĢුāˇƒුāļ¸් āˇ€ීāļ¸ේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāˇ€ිāļ´ාāļš āļ”āˇ€ුāļąāļ§ āļąුāļ¯ුāļģු āļšාāļŊāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ´ොāļ¯ුāˇ€ේ āļˇුāļš්āļ­ි āˇ€ිāļŗීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ේ.



āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ… āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļēāļą āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. 1951 āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚āļēේāļ¯ී āļ’āļš āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊ āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ… āļ¸ාāļēිāļ¸ āˇƒෙ.āļ¸ී. 79āļš් āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ¯, āļ‘āļē 2031 āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒෙ.āļ¸ී. 07āļš් āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļąිāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļŊැāļļී āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ¯āˇ… āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļąිāˇ‚්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēāļ§ 40‍%āļš āļ¯ාāļēāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš් āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ… āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¯āļš්āˇ€āļąු āļŊāļļāļ­ි. āļ¸ෙāļąිāˇƒා āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸āļš āļ¯ී āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļē āļēොāļ¸ු āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļšාāļŊāˇƒීāļ¸ාāˇ€ āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āˇ€ී āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āˇ€ැāļŊි āļœොāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸, āļšොāļģāļŊ් āˇ€ිāļąාāˇāļē, āļ¸ීāļ§ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇƒාāļ°āļš āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ¯ෛāļąිāļšāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ„āļģāļĢāļē āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļ­ුāˇ… āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āļąොāˇ€āļą āļ­āļģāļ¸්āļē. āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļ…āļ¯ාāˇ… āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą් āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­āļˇාāˇ€āļē āļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļąොāˇ€āļą āļ­āļģāļ¸්āļē.



āļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āˇ€ාāļēු āļ¯ූāˇ‚āļĢāļē āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļšොāˇ…āļš āļ†āļ¯ී āļ­āļ¯ාāˇƒāļą්āļą āļąāļœāļģ āļšේāļą්āļ¯්‍āļģ āļšāļģ āļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āˇƒීāļœ‍්‍āļģāļēෙāļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ෙāļēි. āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļē (Green Economy) āˇ€ැāļąි āˇƒංāļšāļŊ්āļ´ āˇ€āļŠ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ¸ේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļ­ිāļģāˇƒාāļģ āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēේāļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ‘āļš් āļˇූāļ¸ිāļšාāˇ€āļšි. āļ•āˇƒෝāļą් āˇ€ිāļēāļą āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´ෙāļąී āˇƒිāļ§ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļšාāļŊāļē āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āˇ€ී āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) āļēāļą āˇ€ාāļēුāˇ€ āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļąුāļšූāļŊāˇ€ āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļą āļģāļ§ාāˇ€ෙāļą් āļˆāļ­් āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āˇ€ිāļ§āļš āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āļ¯, āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āļ¸ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ොāļą්āļ§ි‍්‍āļģāļēෙāļŊ් āˇƒāļ¸ුāˇ…ුāˇ€ (Montreal Protocol) 1987 āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚āļēේ āļ…āļ­්āˇƒāļą් āļ­ැāļļෙāļąුāļēේ āļ¸ේ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļąි. āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ´ාāļģිāļˇෝāļœිāļš āļģāļ§ාāˇ€ āˇƒැāļšැāˇƒ්āļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļ§ āļąො āˇ€ āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯ිāļąāļēේ āļģāļ§ේ āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ¸ුāˇ…ු āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āļ´ෘāļ­ුāˇ€ිāļēේāļ¸ āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āˇ„ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­.



āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¸ෑāļ­ āļšාāļŊීāļąāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āˇ€āļą āˇ„āļģāļĢāļē āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ­āˇ€āļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļ¸ේ āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļœිāļēāˇ„ොāļ­් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€āļąුāļēේ, āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢාāļ°ිāļš āļģāļ§āļš් āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļąොāļļෝ āļšāļŊāļšිāļą් āļ´āļģිāˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļąāļē āˇ€ීāļ¸āļēි. āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēේ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļŊාāļˇ āļ…āļ¯āļ§āļ­්, āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļ§āļ­් āˇ€āļŠා āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļēāļ§ āˇƒāļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēී āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āˇ€ැāļąි āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢāļš් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āˇ€āļą āˇ„āļģāļĢāļē āļ¯ැāļŠි āˇ€ āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ…āļąāˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļšිāļģීāļ¸් āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļĸෛāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ€āļ°āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļ§ āˇ„ාāļąි āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļšාāļŊāˇƒීāļ¸ාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¯ිāļœිāļą් āļ¯ිāļœāļ§āļ¸ āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­් āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ිāļē. āļ…āļ›āļĢ්āļŠāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āˇ€ිāļ¸āļģ්āˇāļąāļē āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯ිāļąāļēේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļēāˇ„āļ¯ාāļēි āˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ 78%āļš āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļąාāˇāļēāļš් āˇී‍්‍āļģ āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ී āˇ„āļ¸ාāļģāļē. āļĸāļŊ āļ´ෝāˇ‚āļš āˇƒිāļŗී āļēාāļ¸, āˇ€āļœුāļģු āļļිāļ¸් āˇƒිāļŗීāļēාāļ¸, āļĸෛāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ´ාāļģāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ„ාāļąිāļē, āļ¯ේāˇāļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€ීāļ¸්, āļšාāļą්āļ­ාāļģිāļšāļģāļĢāļē,āļŠāļ´āˇƒ āˇƒෝāļ¯ා āļēාāļ¸, āļ†āļ¯ිāļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€āļą āˇ„āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļœාāļ¸ීāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­ුāļģු āļĩāļŊ āˇ€ිāļ´ාāļšāļēāļą්āļē. āļ¸āˇ„ා āļ´āļģිāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āˇ€ාāļĢිāļĸ āˇ€āļœාāˇ€āļą් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‰āļŠāļ¸් āļšāļ§්āļ§ිāļšāļģ āˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¯ේāˇƒි āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļēāļ§ āļēොāļ¸ු āˇ€ී āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ­āļģāļ¸්āļē. āļ´‍්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļēāˇ€ āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœෙāļą āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą්āļœේ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļļāļģāļ´āļ­āˇ… āļœැāļ§āļŊුāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ ාāļģāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļļāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්āļœේ āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļē āļēොāļ¸ුāļšāļģāˇ€ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§āļēි. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´‍්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļēāˇ€ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¯ āļ¸ේ āˇ„āļģāˇ„ා āˇƒීāļœ‍්‍āļģāļēෙāļą් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ෙāļēි.



āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļēේ āļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ‘āļš් āļĸāļąāļ´‍්‍āļģිāļē āļ´ැāļ­ිāļšāļŠāļšි āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āļ ිāļ­‍්‍āļģāļ´āļ§ āļšāļŊාāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļē. āˇ€āļą āļĸීāˇ€ි āļ ිāļ­‍්‍āļģāļ´āļ§ (Wild life Documentary) āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€āļą āļĸීāˇ€ි āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´ (Wild life Photography) āļ…āļ¯ිāļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļĸāļąāļ´‍්‍āļģිāļē āļ­ේāļ¸ාāˇ€āļ§ āļ…āļ¯ාāˇ… āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšාංāļœ āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āļ‹āļ´āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇƒැāļšāˇƒුāļĢු āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āļ ිāļ­‍්‍āļģāļ´āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒāļŸāļģා, āˇ€ාāļģ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļšාāˇāļą āļĸāļąāļ­ාāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯āļēේāļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ‘āļš් āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģāļšි. āļ´‍්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ිāļą් āˇƒැāļšāˇƒුāļĢු āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļļāļŊāļšාāļēāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļą āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ…āļąුāļœ‍්‍āļģāˇ„āļē āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļšිāļēුāļļාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļŠෙංāļœු āļ‹āˇ€āļ¯ුāļģ āˇƒිāļē āļģāļ§ිāļą් āļ­ුāļģāļą් āļšāļģ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļē āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸් āļļāˇ„ුāļŊāˇ€ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇ€ූāˇ„.



āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļšāļŊාāˇ€ āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļą āļ‰āļŠ āˇ„āˇƒāļģ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļ­āˇ…ොāˇƒ්āˇƒāļš් āļ´ුāˇ€āļ­්āļ´āļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļĸාāļ­ිāļš āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļē āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇƒිāļē āļ‰āļŠ āļšāļŠ āļąිāļģ්āļŊෝāļˇීāˇ€ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļ…āļœāļē āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļĸāļąāļ¸ාāļ°්‍āļēāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ‡āļœāļēීāļ¸් āļ‹āļŊෙāˇ…āļš් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āˇƒා āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ­āļģāļ¸්āļē. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļē āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ‡āļœāļēීāļ¸් āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ­āļŊāļēāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­් āˇ€ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇƒāļ´āļēāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ේāˇāļą āˇƒේāˇ€ා āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ුāˇƒ්āļ­āļšාāļŊ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēාංāˇ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯ෙāļ´ාāļģ්āļ­āļ¸ේāļą්āļ­ු āļ¸ේ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ…āˇ€āļ°ාāļąāļē āļēොāļ¸ු āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āļšාāļŊāļē āļ‘āˇ…āļš āļ­ිāļļේ. āļœ‍්‍āļģාāļ¸ීāļē āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļēෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­්āļˇාāˇ€āļē āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āˇ€āļ¸ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą āļ…āļ´āļēෝāļĸāļąāļē āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ’āˇ€ා āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļš‍්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€ේāļ¯ āļ¸ේ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļœොāļŠāļąැංāˇ€ීāļ¸ āļģāļ§ේ āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒේ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļ¸āļ­ුāļŊිāļ­āļ­ාāˇ€āļē āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āļ´ිāļ§ුāļļāļŊāļēāļš් āˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­.



āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒේ āˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āˇ€āļą āļ¸ාāļąුāˇ‚ීāļē āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ා āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇƒැāļšāˇƒී āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āˇƒේ āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļ‹āļšāˇ„ා āļœāļ­āļēුāļ­ු āļĩāļŊ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļēෝāļĸāļą āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļ§ āˇ„ාāļąිāļ¯ාāļēāļš āļēāļ¸āļš් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ුāˇ€āˇ„ොāļ­් āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ…āļąිāˇƒි āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊ āļ¸āļ­ු āļēāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļąෙāļš āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ…ිāļą් āļˇුāļš්āļ­ි āˇ€ිāļŗීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļąු āļąොāļ…āļąුāļ¸ාāļąāļē. āˇී‍්‍āļģ āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ‰āļ­ා āļšුāļŠා āļˇූāļ¸ි āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēāļš් āˇ„ිāļ¸ි āļģāļ§āļšි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸ āˇ€ූ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ූ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļ¸āļ­ුāļŊිāļ­āļ­ාāˇ€ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āļœāļąී. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒංāˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļ­ාāˇ€āļ§ āˇ„ාāļąි āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇƒāļ¸āļ­ුāļŊිāļ­āļ­ාāˇ€ āļļිāļŗීāļēාāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු āˇ€ෙāļēි. āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒේ āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āˇ€āļ§āļ´ිāļ§ාāˇ€ āļ…āˇ€āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„āļœāļ­ āļąොāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸් āļ…āļ´ āļ…āļ¯ āˇƒිāļ§ āļ¸ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āļē āļĸාāļ­ිāļēāļš් āˇƒāļ­ු āˇ€āļœāļšීāļ¸āļēි.

āļ´ැāļŊ්āļ´āļ­ිāļą් āļ­ොāļģ āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āļąāļœāļģāļēāļš්





āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļēāļąු āļģāļ§āļš āˇƒෞāļˇාāļœ්‍āļēāļē āļ‹āļ¯ා āļšāļģāˇ€āļą්āļąāļšි. āˇƒෞāļˇාāļœ්‍āļēāļ¸āļ­්, āˇƒāļ¸ෘāļ¯්āļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļš් āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¯ිāˇ€ි āļœෙāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ෙ āļŊොāˇ€ āļ•āļąෑ āļ¸ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēෙāļšුāļœේ āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€āļšි. āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āļēāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¯ෙāļēාāļšාāļģ āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ­් āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒුāļą්āļœේ āļ†āļšāļŊ්āļ´, āļœුāļĢāļ°āļģ්āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€āļ§ිāļąාāļšāļ¸් āļąැංāˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ිāļŊා āˇƒැāļŊāļšෙāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒුāļą්āļœේ āļĸීāˇ€āļą āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āˇƒුāļ›ිāļ­ āļ¸ුāļ¯ිāļ­ āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒැāļŊāļšේ. āļ¸ෙāļģāļ§ āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēේ āˇƒ්āˇ€āļģ්āļĢāļ¸āļē āļēුāļœāļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ිāļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļšොāˇ…āļš āļ´ැāļŊ්āļ´āļ­්āˇ€ාāˇƒීāļą් āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯āˇ€ාāļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļąුāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļą් āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇƒāļŊ් āļ¸āļą්āļ¯ිāļģ āļ‰āļ¯ිāˇ€ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී.

āļ’ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ´ැāļŊ්āļ´āļ­ිāļą් āļ­ොāļģ āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āļąāļœāļģāļēāļš් āļ¸āˇ„ිāļą්āļ¯ āļ ිāļą්āļ­āļą āˇƒංāļšāļŊ්āļ´āļē āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ†āļģāļš්‍āˇ‚āļš āˇ„ා āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēංāˇāļēේ āļŊේāļšāļ¸් āļœෝāļ¨ාāļˇāļē āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්‍āˇ‚ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ාāļœේ āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇ„ා āļ¸āļŸāļ´ෙāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāˇ… āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ 1137āļšිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸āļą්āˇ€ිāļ­ āļšොāˇ…āļš āˇ„ේāļąේāļ¸ුāļŊ්āļŊ, āļģāļą්āļ¯ිāļē āļ‹āļēāļą, āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŊ් āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ිāļē āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ි āļ¸āˇ„ිāļą්āļ¯ āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්āˇ‚ āļ¸ැāļ­ිāļ­ුāļ¸ාāļœේ āļĸāļą්āļ¸ āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļŸාāļ¸ීāˇ€ āˇ„ෙāļ§ (18) āļĸāļąāļ­ා āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļēොāļ¯ා āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‰āļ­ා āļšුāļŠා āļļිāļ¸් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš āļšිāˇƒිāļ¯ු āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸āļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ිāˇ€ āļ¯ුāļšāˇƒේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ූ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āˇƒāļģāļĢ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļ§ āˇƒිāļēāļŊු āļ¸ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āˇ€ āļ…āļŊංāļšාāļģ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļš් āļ¯ āˇƒāļ¸āļœිāļą් āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļąāˇ€ āļąිāˇ€āˇƒāļš āˇ€āļ§ිāļąාāļšāļ¸ āļģුāļ´ිāļēāļŊ් āļ¸ිāļŊිāļēāļą 8 āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ. āˇ€āļģ්āļœ āļ…āļŠි 450 āļšිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸āļą්āˇ€ිāļ­ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļąිāˇ€āˇƒāļš āļąිāļ¯āļą āļšාāļ¸āļģ 02āļš්, āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļ­්āļ­ āļšාāļ¸āļģāļēāļš්, āļ¸ුāˇ…ුāļ­ැāļą්āļœෙāļēāļš්, āˇƒāļŗāˇ…ුāļ­āļŊāļēāļš් āˇ„ා āˇƒāļąීāļ´ාāļģāļš්‍āˇ‚āļš āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļēුāļš්āļ­ āˇ€ේ. āļąāˇ€ීāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯ුāļŊි āˇƒෝāļ´ාāļą āˇ„ා āˇ„āļ¯ිāˇƒි āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€āļą් āˇ„ී āļ¯ී āˇ€ිāļ¯ුāļŊි āļļāļŊāļē āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒූāļģ්āļē āļļāļŊ āˇāļš්āļ­ි āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āļ¯ āˇƒāˇ€ිāļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļීāļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļšි. āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ිāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļŊොāˇ€ āļąāˇ€ීāļą āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒැāļŊāˇƒුāļ¸් āˇƒāļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ‰āļ­ා āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļēāļ§ිāļ­āļŊ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් āļ¯ āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āˇ„āļŊ් āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āˇƒංāļšීāļģ්āļĢ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āļŸාāļ¸ී āˇ€ āˇ„āļģිāļ­ āļ‹āļ¯්‍āļēාāļą āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āˇ…āļ¸ා āļ‹āļ¯්‍āļēාāļą, āļš‍්‍āļģීāļŠාංāļœāļĢ, āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āļ´‍්‍āļģāļĸා āˇාāļŊා āˇ€ැāļąි āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļēāļ§ිāļ­āļŊ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ āˇ€ැāļŠිāļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āļŊැāļļූ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ිāˇිāˇ‚්āļ§ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļŊාāļˇāļēāļšි.

āļšොāˇ…āļš āļ´ැāļŊ්āļ´āļ­්āˇ€ාāˇƒීāļą් āļ´ැāļŊ්āļ´āļ­ිāļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯āˇ€ාāļŊāļ¸ිāļą් āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ි āļ¸āˇ„ිāļą්āļ¯ āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්‍āˇ‚ āļ¸ැāļ­ිāļ­ුāļ¸ාāļœේ āļ‹āļ¯ාāļģ āļąාāļēāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļēෙāļą් āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļ†āļģāļš්‍āˇ‚āļš āˇ„ා āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēංāˇāļēේ āļŊේāļšāļ¸් āļœෝāļ¨ාāļˇāļē āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්‍āˇ‚ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ාāļœේ āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇ„ා āļ¸āļŸāļ´ෙāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ 70000 āļšāļŠිāļąāļ¸් āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŊ් āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ි āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ āˇ€ āļ‰āļ¯ි āˇ€ූ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āˇ€ූ āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ි 03āļš් āļĸāļąāļ­ා āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§āļ­් āˇƒූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­.

āļąොāˇ€ැāļ¸්āļļāļģ් 21 āļ‘āļ¯ිāļģිāˇƒිංāˇ„ āˇ€āļ­්āļ­ āˇƒිāļģිāļ¸ුāļ­ු āļ‹āļēāļą āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ 564 āļš් āļ¯, āļ¯ෙāˇƒැāļ¸්āļļāļģ් 01 āˇ€āļą āļ¯ිāļą āļšොāˇ…ොāļą්āļąාāˇ€ āˇƒාāļŊāļ¸ුāļŊ්āļŊ āļŊāļš්āˇƒāļŗ āˇƒෙāˇ€āļĢ āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ 216 āļš් āļ¯, āļ¯ෙāˇƒැāļ¸්āļļāļģ් āļ¸āˇƒ 08 āˇ€āļą āļ¯ිāļą āˇ†āļģ්āļœිāļēුāˇ‚āļą් āļ´ාāļģ āļ¸ුāˇ€āļ¯ොāļģ āļ‹āļēāļą āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ 872āļš් āļ¯ āļĸāļąāļ´āļ­ි āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāļ­්āˇ€āļēෙāļą් āļĸāļąāļ­ා āļ…āļēිāļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšිāļģිāļ¸āļ§ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒිāļēāļŊු āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āˇƒූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸්āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­.

2010 āļ”āļš්āļ­ෝāļ¸්āļļāļģ් āļ¸ාāˇƒāļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļšොāˇ…āļš āļąāļœāļģāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āˇ€ැāļŠāļļිāļ¸් 26āļš āļĸාāļ­්‍āļēāļą්āļ­āļģ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ිāļ­ිāļēෙāļą් āļēුāļ­ු āļŊොāˇ€ āļąāˇ€ීāļĢ āļąāļœāļģ āˇƒැāļŊැāˇƒුāļ¸් āˇƒāļ¸āļœිāļą් āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āļēāļ§ිāļ­āļŊ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļēුāļ­් āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āļ’āļšāļš 20000 āļšāļŠිāļąāļ¸ිāļą් āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§āļ­් āļ‰āļ¯ිāˇ€ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āļ’āļšāļš 3000āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļ´āļ­්āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ේ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒාāļąāļēේ āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āļ’āļšāļš 5000āļš් āļĸāļąāˇƒāļ­ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āˇƒැāļŊāˇƒුāļ¸් āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļ¸ෙāļē āˇී‍්‍āļģ āļŊංāļšා āļ‰āļ­ිāˇ„ාāˇƒāļēේ āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļšිāļģිāļ¸් āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­‍්‍āļģāļēේ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āļœāļ­ āˇƒāļą්āļ°ිāˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļēāļš් āˇ€āļąු āļąොāļ…āļąුāļ¸ාāļąāļē. āļ¸ෙāļē āˇƒැāļļෑ āļ¸ āļ†āˇ්āļ āļģ්āļēāļēāļšි. āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ිāļ­ුāļ¸ාāļœේ āļ­ුāļą් āļšāļŊ් āļ¯āļš්āļąා āļąුāˇ€āļĢිāļą් āˇ„ා āˇ€ිāˇිāˇ‚්āļ§ āļąාāļēāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļēෙāļą් āļ¯āˇāļš āļœāļąāļĢාāˇ€āļš් āļ´ුāļģා āļ‰āļ¯ිāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļąොāˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ු āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 03āļš් āˇ€ැāļąි āļšෙāļ§ි āļšāļŊāļš් āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊāļ­ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļšāļģ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļ§ āļ­ිāˇ…ිāļĢ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ…āļ´ේ āļģāļ§ේ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āļŊැāļļූ āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļĸāļēāļœ‍්‍āļģāˇ„āļĢāļēāļšි. āļ´ාāļ§ āļ´āļš්‍āˇ‚, āļĸාāļ­ි, āļšුāļŊ, āļ†āļœāļ¸්, āļąෑāļ¯ෑāļšāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ුāˇ…ු āļ¸ොāļąāļēāļ¸් āˇ„ෝ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊිāļš āļ´āļ§ු āˇƒාāļ°āļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ­ොāļģ āˇ€ී āļšොāˇ…āļš āļąāļœāļģāļēේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€āļą āļ…āļŠු āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸්āļŊාāļˇීāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸āļš āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŊ් āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ”āļ´්āļ´ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļĸāļąාāļ°ිāļ´āļ­ිāļ­ුāļ¸ාāļœේ āļąාāļēāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļēෙāļą් āļœෝāļ¨ාāļˇāļē āļģාāļĸāļ´āļš්‍āˇ‚ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ාāļœේ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēāˇ€ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļēāļ§ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€ āļŊැāļļී āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāļš් āļļāļŊාāļ´ොāļģෝāļ­්āļ­ු āļ¸ැāļ¯ āļ¯ිāļąාāļœāļ­් āˇƒාāļ¸āļēāļ§ āļąāˇ€ āļ…āļģුāļ­āļš් āļœෙāļą āļ¯ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ…āļ´ āļ¸ේ āļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēේ āˇƒ්āˇ€āļģ්āļĢāļ¸āļē āļēුāļœāļēāļšāļē. āļ¯ිāļąෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļą āļ¸ේ āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœෙāļą්āļąේ āļģāļ§ේ āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļēāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļœොāļŠāļąැāļœෙāļą්āļąේ āļ”āļļāļœේāļ­් āļ”āļļāļœේ āļ¯āļģුāˇ€ාāļœේāļ­් āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒāļēි.

āˇ€ේāļœāˇ€āļ­් āļąාāļœāļģීāļšāļģāļĢāļēāļ­් āˇƒāļ¸āļœ āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āˇƒෑāļ¸ āļģāļ§āļš් āļ¸ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļĢāļ´ාāļą āļ´ැāļŊ්āļ´āļ­්āˇ€ාāˇƒීāļą්āļœේ āˇ„ා āļ…āļŠුāļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļœේ āļąිāˇ€ාāˇƒ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ා āˇƒāļ´ුāļģාāļŊීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļē āļĸāļē āļœැāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āˇƒාāļģ්āļŽāļšāˇ€ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļē āļšāļģා āļœෙāļą āļēāļą āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¯ාāļ¸āļēේ āļąිāļēāļ¸ුāˇ€āļą් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļēේ āˇƒāļˇාāļ´āļ­ි āļąිāļ¸āļŊ් āļ´ෙāļģේāļģා, āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļš්‍āˇ‚ āļĸāļąāļģාāļŊ් āˇ„āļģ්āˇ‚ාāļą් āļ¯ āˇƒිāļŊ්āˇ€ා, āļ…āļ­ිāļģේāļš āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļš්‍āˇ‚ āļĸāļąāļģාāļŊ් āļļි‍්‍āļģāļœේāļŠිāļēāļģ් āˇƒāļ¸āļą්āļ­ āļĸāļēāˇƒුāļą්āļ¯āļģ, āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āļ´ුāļąāļģ්āļĸීāˇ€āļą āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ිāļēේ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļš්‍āˇ‚ āļļි‍්‍āļģāļœේāļŠිāļēāļģ් āļģංāļĸිāļ­් āˇƒāļ¸āļģāˇƒිංāˇ„ āļ‡āļ­ුāˇ…ු āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģිāˇ€āļģු āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļģāļ­ි.

āļœාāļŊ්āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļģුāļĢැāļŊ්āļŊāļš්

āļ¯ිāˇ€āļēිāļąේ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļē āļ“āļ­ිāˇ„ාāˇƒිāļš āˇ€āˇෙāļēāļą් āļ¸ෙ‍āļą් āļ¸ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒාāļ°āļš āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļ¯ āļģāļ§ āļ­ුāˇ… āļšැāļ´ී āļ´ෙāļąāļą āļ´āļģිāļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ’āļšāļšāļēāļšි. āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļŊේāļšāļ¸් āļšොāļ§්āļ¨ාāˇƒ 19āļšිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸āļą්āˇ€ිāļ­ āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ āˇƒේāˇ€ා āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸් āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€ 895āļšි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļąාāļœāļģිāļš āļŊāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ු āļšāļģāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇ āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļąොāļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ීāļē āļŊāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą්āļąේ āļ…āļŊුāļ­් āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļēāļ­් āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ āļ†āˇƒිāļēාāˇ€ේ āļ…āˇƒිāļģිāļēේ āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāļšāļģුāˇ€ෙāļš් āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āˇ€ූ āļ…āļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚ාāˇ€ෙāļąි. āļąොāļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļēැāļēි āˇƒāļ¸්āļ¸āļ­ āļŊāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļ‰āˇƒ්āļ¸āļ­ුāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļģāļ§ේ āļ…āļąිāļšුāļ­් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€āļą āļ´ොāļ¯ු āļšāļģුāļĢු āļ¸ āļļāļŊāļ´ා āļ‡āļ­ි āļļāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āˇ€ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļšාāļģāļĢාāˇ€āļš් āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļ¸āļē āļœැāļ§āļŊු, āļ´āˇ€ුāļŊ්āˇ€āļŊ āˇ€ිāˇƒāļģීāļēාāļ¸, āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­්āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€āļš් āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļąොāˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļēāļą āļšාāļģāļĢා āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšාāļģāļĢා āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් āˇ…āļ¸ා āļ…āļ´āļ ාāļģ, āļšාāļą්āļ­ා āˇ„ිංāˇƒāļąāļē āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ැāļŠිāˇ€ීāļ¸, āļ¯ිāˇ€ිāļąāˇƒා āļœැāļąීāļ¸් āˇ€ැāļŠිāˇ€ීāļ¸, āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēීāļē āļ´āļģිāˇ„ාāļąිāļē āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļēාāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠි āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļļāˇ€āļ¯ āļœāļ¸්‍āļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ āļ´්‍āļģāˇ්āļą āļœාāļŊු āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āˇ€āļ­ු āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇ€ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­්āˇ€āļą āļ…āļŠු āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸්āļŊාāļˇී āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļœෙāļą් āļ‹āļ¯්āļœāļ­ āˇ€āļą āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēීāļē āļ´්‍āļģāˇ්āļąāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¯ āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļ¸ුāˇ…ු āļ´āˇ€ුāļŊ් āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€ 269,000āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‘āļēිāļą් 100,000āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļą āļ´ිāļģිāˇƒāļš් āļ­ේ āˇ€āļœාāˇ€ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇ€ āļĸීāˇ€ිāļšාāˇ€ āļœොāļŠāļąāļŸාāļœāļ­් āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēāļą් āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ 50,000āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇ€āļœාāˇ€ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­āˇ€ āļĸීāˇ€āļąෝāļ´ාāļē āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āˇƒāļšāˇƒාāļœāļ­් āļ´ිāļģිāˇƒāļš් āˇ€ෙāļ­ි.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļģුāļĢු āļ´ාāļ¯āļš āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¸āˇ„ āļ¯ිāˇƒාāļ´āļ­ි, āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš් āļŊේāļšāļ¸් āļģāˇ€ීāļą්āļ¯්‍āļģ āˇ„ේāˇ€ාāˇ€ිāļ­ාāļģāļĢ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ා āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļœේ āļœැāļ§āļŊු āļ…āˇ€āļ¸ āļšāļģ āļĸීāˇ€āļą āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ‹āˇƒāˇƒ් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āˇƒāļ­ිāļē āļąāļ¸් āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąāļšāļ§ āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģ āļ­āļļා āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ´āˇ…āļ¸ු āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģ āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ීāļē āļĸීāˇ€āļąෝāļ´ාāļē āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļēāļš් āˇ€āļą āļšුāļŠා āˇ€āļ­ු āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āļ­ේ, āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇ„ා āļģāļļāļģ් āˇ€āļœාāˇ€āļą්āˇ„ි āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ‹āļ´āļģිāļ¸āļē āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ’ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇ€ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­්āˇ€āļą āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļœේ āļĸීāˇ€āļą āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ‹āˇƒāˇƒ් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļēොāļ¯ා āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļšāļēāļš් āˇ€āļą āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš් āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļœේ 9.9%āļš් āˇ€āļą āļ¯ිāˇ…ිāļŗුāļšāļ¸ āļ…āļŠු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ…āļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšāļģāļēි.

āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļē āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒ්āļŽාāļ´ිāļ­ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģී āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸් āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ුāˇ€ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļĸීāˇ€āļąෝāļ´ාāļē āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āļ¯ෙāļšāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ­ේ āˇ„ා āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āļĸීāˇ€āļąෝāļ´ාāļē āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ුāˇ€āļŊ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļŠිāļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļēොāļ¯ා āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļĸීāˇ€āļąෝāļ´ාāļēāļą් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­්‍āļģ āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļēāļąāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ­ේ āˇ„ා āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āˇ€ෙāˇ…ෙāļŗāļ´ොāˇ…āļš් āļ­ිāļļීāļ¸, āļœැāļąුāļ¸්āļšāļģුāˇ€āļą් āˇƒāļ¸ීāļ´āļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ීāļ¸, āˇ€ෙāˇ…ෙāļŗāļ´ොāˇ… āļ‡āļ­ිāˇ€āļą āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļēāļ­ාāˇ€, āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊාංāļšිāļš āļ­ේ āˇ„ා āļ†āļ¯ේāˇāļą āļąොāˇ€āļą āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ‰āļŊ්āļŊුāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ´āļģ්āļēේāˇ‚āļĢ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļąāˇ€ āļąිāļ´ැāļēුāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ිāļ­ āˇ€ිāˇාāļŊ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āˇ„ා āˇƒේāˇ€ා āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸ āļēāļą āļšāļģුāļĢු āļąිāˇƒා āļ­ේ āˇ„ා āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­්‍āļģāļēāļą් āˇ„ි āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļąැංāˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒාāļģ්āļŽāļš āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģි āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļšāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§āļ­් āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­.

āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් āˇ€ැāļŠි āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸āļš් āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļˇෝāļœ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­āļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇ„ා āļ­ේ āˇ€āļœාāˇ€ āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœāļ­්āļ­ āļ¯, āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļ‹āļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą āļąෙāˇ…ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļœාāļšāļģුāˇ€ෝ āļ…āļ´ොāˇ„ොāˇƒāļ­් āˇ€ී āļ­ිāļļීāļ¸ āļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් āļąොāļŊැāļļී āļēාāļ¸āļšි. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļšුāļŠා āļ­ේ āˇ€āļ­ු āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģිāļē āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļ§ āļ…āļš්āļšāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļ­ේ āļšිāļŊෝ āļœ්‍āļģෑāļ¸් 650 āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ුāˇ€ āļ¯ āˇ€āļœා āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāļšāļģුāˇ€ෝ āļ­ේ āļ…āļš්āļšāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļŊāļļා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ¯āˇ…ු āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļšිāļŊෝ āļœ්‍āļģෑāļ¸් 350āļš āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ…āļœāļēāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļļāˇ€āļē. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ­ේ āļšිāļŊෝ āļœ්‍āļģෑāļ¸් 1000āļš āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļ…āļš්āļšāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļŊāļļා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ´ිāļģිāˇƒ 10%āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ…āļŠු āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļļāˇ€ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļą් āˇ€ේ. āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļˇෝāļœāļē āļœැāļą āˇƒāļŊāļšා āļļැāļŊීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී, āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ¯ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą āļšිāļŊෝ āļœ්‍āļģෑāļ¸් 150/200āļš āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ…āļ´āļąāļēāļą āļšෘāˇ‚ිāļšāļģ්āļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļ´ාāļģ්āļ­ෙāļ¸්āļą්āļ­ුāˇ€āļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļ…āļš්āļšāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļšිāļŊෝ āļœ්‍āļģෑāļ¸් 450āļš āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļąāļš් āˇ€āˇƒāļģāļšāļ§ āļŊāļļා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļļāˇ€ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļą් āˇ€ේ.

āļ‘āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ුāˇ€ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ…āļŠු āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āˇ€āļœාāļšāļģුāˇ€ෝ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āˇƒේāˇ€ා āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšāļ¸් āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąිāļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļ­ාāˇ€, āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āˇƒේāˇ€ා āˇƒැāļ´āļēීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą් āļœāļĢāļą āļ…āļŠු āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€āļš් āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ 90,000āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€āļą āļ‰āļŠāļ¸් āļšැāļļāļŊි āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€āļšāļ§ āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ේāˇāļą āˇƒේāˇ€ාāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් āˇ€āļœාāļšāļģුāˇ€ෝ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļˇාāˇ€āļē āļŊāļļා āļ¯ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ’ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ‘āļš් āļ…āļēෙāļšුāļ§ āļ‰āļŠāļ¸් 4000āļšāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āˇ€ැāļŠි āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€āļšāļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āļ‹āļ´ෙāļ¯්āˇāļą āˇƒේāˇ€ාāˇ€ āˇƒැāļ´āļēිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ”āˇ€ුāļąāļ§ āˇ„ිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āˇ„ා āļšාāļŊāļē āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāˇ€āļ­් āļąොāˇ€āļą්āļąේāļē. āļšාāļģ්āļēාāļŊ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ…āļ­ිāļģේāļš āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą් āˇƒිāļ§ිāļē āļ¯ āļ”āˇ€ුāˇ„ු āļ­āļ¸ āļģාāļĸāļšාāļģිāļēෙāļą් āļļැāˇ„ැāļģ āļąොāˇ€āļą āļąිāˇƒා āˇ„ෙāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­්āļ­āļšāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļē āļ¯ැāļš්āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļšැāļ¸ැāļ­්āļ­ āļąොāļ¯ැāļš්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļ”āˇ€ුāˇ„ු āļ¸ැāļŗිāļģිāļœāļ­ āļ¸ාāļąāˇƒිāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļēෙāļą් āļēුāļ­් āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģිāļēෝ āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸ාāļąāˇƒිāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļąිāˇƒා āļ…āļ­ිāļģේāļš āˇƒේāˇ€ා āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­ āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­්āļ­āļšāļ§ āļ¯ාāļēāļš āļąොāˇ€āļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­āļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ…āļ´āļ­ේ āļēාāļ¸āļš් āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ේ.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąේ āļ¯ී āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āˇ€āļœාāļšāļģුāˇ€ෝ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇƒāļŊāļšා āļļැāļŊීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී āļģāļĸāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ෙāļą āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒංāˇ€ිāļ°ාāļąāļœāļ­ āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ…āļŠුāˇ€ීāļ¸ āļˇෝāļœ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ…āļŠු āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸āļš āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ¯ුāļģ්āˇ€āļŊāļ­ා āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœāļ­් āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāˇ„ු āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ° āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļšිāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āˇ€ිāˇ‚āļē āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­්‍āļģāļēේ āˇƒිāļē āļšාāļģ්āļēāļēāļ§ āļ‘āˇ„ා āļœිāļē āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­් āˇ€ීāļ¸āļšāļ§āļē. āļ´්‍āļģාāļēෝāļœිāļšāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠāļ´ිāˇ…ිāˇ€ෙāˇ… āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœāļēāļš් āˇ€ුāˇ€ āļ¯ āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€āļœේ āļĸීāˇ€āļą āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯ āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŗා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āļŸ āļ´ෙāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢු āļšāļģ āļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠāļ´ිāˇ…ිāˇ€ෙāˇ… āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ´්‍āļģāļŽāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ¸ āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš් āļŊේāļšāļ¸්āļ­ුāļ¸ාāļœේ āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļšāļĢ්āļŠාāļēāļ¸් āˇƒංāļšāļŊ්āļ´āļē āˇƒāˇ€ිāļļāļŊ āļœැāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļēොāļ¯ා āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­්āļ­ āļ‹āļ¯ෙāˇƒා āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸āļš āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģී, āˇƒāļ¸ෘāļ¯්āļ°ි āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģී ,āļšෘāˇ‚ි āļ´āļģ්āļēේāˇ‚āļĢ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģී āˇ„ා āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇƒංāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģී āļēāļą āļšāļĢ්āļŠාāļēāļ¸ āļ¸ුāļŊිāļš āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļĢ්āļŠාāļēāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļŊේāļšāļ¸් āļ‘āˇ„ි āļąිāļēāļ¸ුāˇ€ා āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸් āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ුāˇ€ේ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇāļē 2012 āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚āļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļ…āļ›āļĢ්āļŠāˇ€ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą්āļąāļšි. āļ´්‍āļģāļŽāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇ€āļœාāˇ€ේ āļąිāļēුāļ­ු 31āļ¯ෙāļąෙāļšු āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄා āļšāļģ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āˇƒāļ­ිāļ´āļ­ා āļ´āˇ€āļ­්āˇ€āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸් āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ුāˇ€āļŊ āļ­ීāļą්āļ¯ු āļ­ීāļģāļĢ āļ¸āļ­ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģි āļšාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇƒැāļŊāˇƒුāļ¸් āˇƒāļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී. āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ¯ී āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļąāļēāļą āļšෘāˇ‚ිāļšāļģ්āļ¸ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්, āļšුāļŠා āļ­ේ āˇ€āļ­ු āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą් āˇ„ා āˇƒෙāˇƒු āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą් āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļˇෝāļœ āˇ€āļœාāļšāļģුāˇ€ෝ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ­āļ¸ āļ‰āļŠāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊ āļ‡āļ­ි āļˇෝāļœāˇ€āļŊ āˇƒāļ­ු āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļš āˇ€āļ§ිāļąාāļšāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļŠිāļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ āļœැāļą āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļˇාāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļœෙāļą āļ‘āļ¸ිāļą් āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ…āļŠුāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€āļą āļšාāļģāļĢා āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āļšāļģ āļ¯ෙāļąු āļŊැāļļීāļē. āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ´āˇƒේ āļ†āļ¸්āļŊිāļšāļ­ාāˇ€āļē āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ාāˇ€ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ් āˇ€āļą āļļāˇ€āļ¯ āļ´āˇƒ āˇƒංāļģāļš්āˇ‚āļĢāļē, āļ´āļŗුāļģු āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē, āļ´āˇƒāļ§ āļœැāļŊāļ´ෙāļą āļ‹āˇƒāˇƒ් āļ´ොāˇ„ොāļģ āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­āļē āˇ„ා āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී āļ­ේ āļ¯āˇ…ු āļąෙāˇ…ීāļ¸ේ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€āļ­් āļˇාāˇ€āļē, āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą āļŊāļļා āļœāļą්āļąා āļąිāˇ€ැāļģāļ¯ි āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļą් āļēāļą āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą āˇ€ැāļŠි āļšāļģ āļœāļ­āˇ„ැāļšි āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļą් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€āļœාāļšāļģුāˇ€āļą් āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļˇාāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšාāļŊ āˇ€āļšāˇ€ාāļąුāˇ€ේ āļ¯ී āļŊāļļාāļœāļ­් āļ´්‍āļģāļœāļ­ිāļē āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļąිāļēāļ¸ුāˇ€ෝ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģි āļœāļ¸āļą āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄාāˇ€āļą් āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯්āļ¯ේ āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēාංāˇāļēේ āļ¯ āļ…āļąුāļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸ āļ…āļ­ැāļ­ිāˇ€āļē. āļ’ āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āļ¸āļœිāļą් āˇƒāļ´ුāļģාāļœāļ­් āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļš āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ­ාāļš්āˇ‚āļĢිāļš āļœැāļ§āļŊු āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŗා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ’ āļ’ āļˇෝāļœāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ…āļ¯ාāˇ… āˇ€ āˇƒේāˇ€ා āļ‹āļ´āļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļ­ු āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€ āļŊāļļා āļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇ„ා āˇ€āļ­ු āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāļēāļą්āļœේ āļœැāļ§āļŊු āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŗා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ීāļē āˇ„ා āļ´්‍āļģාāļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ිāļą් āˇƒංāˇ€ිāļ°ාāļą āļĸාāļŊāļēāļš් āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇƒුāļļිāļ¸ āˇƒāļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģāļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇ…āļŸා āļšāļģ āļœāļ­් āˇƒාāļģ්āļŽāļš āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļšāļēāļą් āˇ€ේ.

āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļē āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¯ැāˇ€ැāļą්āļ­ āˇ€āļ§ිāļąා āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļē āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸් āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ු 18āļš් āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąේ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģි āˇƒැāļŊāˇƒුāļ¸් āˇƒāļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļšāļēāļą් āļ¯ිāļąා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ුāˇ€ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ‡āļ­ි āˇ€āļ§ිāļąා āļ¸ āˇƒාāļ°āļšāļē āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļ‹āļ´ āļ¸ෙāˇ„ෙāļēුāļ¸් āļšāļ¸ිāļ§ු 18āˇ„ි āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģිāļ­්āˇ€āļēāļēි. āļ‘āˇ„ි āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģිāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļēāļąු āļœාāļŊු āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­ āˇƒුāļļ āļąිāļ¸ිāļ­ි āˇ€ේ.

2013/2014 āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āļ¸ෙāˇƒේ āˇƒාāļģ්āļŽāļš āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ 2 āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ¯ිāļēāļģ āļŊෙāˇƒ 2015 āļ¯ී āˇƒāļ´ුāļģාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļŊāļš්āļš āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢු āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී.

01. āļ´āˇ…āļ¸ු āļ…āļ¯ිāļēāļģේ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€ු āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģී āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšාāļģāļšāļēāļą් 1105āļš āļœේ āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ āļąāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€ුāļŊ් 10,000āļš් āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸.

02. āļ´්‍āļģāļĸා āˇƒංāˇ€ිāļ°ාāļą āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģීāļą් āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸āļšāļ§ 05 āļļැāļœිāļą් āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸් 284āļš් āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāˇ„āļ­්āļšāļģුāˇ€āļą් 1420āļš් āˇ„āļŗුāļąාāļœෙāļą āļ‘āļš් āļ´්‍āļģāļĸා āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģිāļēෙāļšුāļ§ āļąāˇ€ āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸ āļ­ුāˇ… āļąāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€ුāļŊ් 10 āļļැāļœිāļą් āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąāļ§ āļēොāļ¸ු āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸.

03. āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļ‰āļ­ිāļģි āļœ්‍āļģාāļ¸ āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģි āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸් 612 āļ­ුāˇ… āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļąāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€ුāļŊ් āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸, āļ’ āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් 48,680āļš āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāļšාāļģāļšāļēāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąāļ§ āļ‘āļš් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšāļģāļēි.

āˇ€ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­්āˇ€ āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģ āļ­āļļāļ¸ිāļą් āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āļœාāļŊු āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­්‍āļģිāļš්āļšāļēේ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āˇƒාāļ°āļąීāļē āˇƒුāļˇ āļŊāļšුāļĢāļš් āˇ€āļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ාāļēිāļ­ා āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļą āˇ€ැāļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āļœාāļŊ්āļŊāļ§ āˇƒැāļļැāˇ€ිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ„ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´ාāļēāļą āļ…āļģුāļĢාāļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් āˇ€ āˇ„ෙāļ§ āļ¯ිāļą āļ´්‍āļģාāļĢāˇ€āļ­් āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇ„ා āˇ„ිāļģු āļšāļ¯āļ¸්āļˇāļēāļš්āˇ€ āļ‘āļē āļœාāļŊු āļšොāļ§ුāˇ€ āļ¯ෙāˇƒිāļą් āļ´ෙāļąෙāļą āˇƒුāļą්āļ¯āļģāļ­්āˇ€āļēෙāļą් āļ´ිāļģි āˇ„ිāļģුāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ‘āļšāļ­ු āļšāˇ… āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āˇ€ āļ¯ිāļ¯ුāļŊāļą āļģැāˇƒ් āļ¯āˇ„āļģāļš් āˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­.

āˇ€āļŗ āˇ€ී āļēāļą āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļģැāļšāļœāļąිāļ¸ු

āˇ‍්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ¸ුāˇ€ āļ´āˇ€ුāļŊේ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļĸිāļšāļēāļą් āˇ„āļ­āļģ āļ¯ෙāļąා āļ…āļ­ුāļģෙāļą් āļ¯ුāļģ්āļŊāļˇāļ¸ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļĸිāļšāļēා āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āˇ„ෙāˇ€āļ­් āļœෝāļą āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļē. āˇƒāļģ්āˇ€ිāļŠේ (Cervidae) āļšුāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļ‰ංāļœ‍්‍āļģීāˇƒිāļēෙāļą් Hog Deer, Ceylon Hog Deer, Paddy - field Deer āˇ„ා Swamp Deer āļēāļą āļąāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€āļēි. āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€ Axis porcinus āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„āļŗුāļą් āˇ€āļą āļ¸ේ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļē 2007 IUCN āļģāļ­ු āļ¯āļ­්āļ­ āļŊේāļ›āļąāļēāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āˇ€āļŗ āˇ€ීāļ¸ේ āļ­āļģ්āļĸāļąāļēāļ§ āļŊāļš් āˇ€ූ āļąැāļ­āˇ„ොāļ­් āļ­āļģ්āļĸිāļ­ (Endangered) āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āļ­ිāļļේ.


āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¸ āˇƒීāļ¸ිāļ­ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļ­ෙāļ­් āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļšāˇ…ුāļ­āļģ āˇ„ා āļœාāļŊ්āļŊ āļ¯ිāˇƒ්āļ­‍්‍āļģිāļš්āļš āļ¯ෙāļšෙāˇ„ි āļ¯ āļģāļ§ āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āˇ€āļą්āļąāļ§ āˇƒ්āļŽාāļą āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš āˇ„ා āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ…āļļāļŠ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­ āļ´āˇ„āļ­් āļļිāļ¸් āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ේ. āļ¸āļ­ුāļœāļ¸, āļļුāļŊāļ­්āˇƒිංāˇ„āļŊ, āļ…āļ¸්āļļāļŊāļą්āļœොāļŠ, āļœෝāļąāļ´ිāļąුāˇ€āļŊ, āļ‡āļ­්āļšāļŗුāļģ, āļšāļģāļą්āļ¯ෙāļĢිāļē, āļ­ෙāļŊ්āˇ€āļ­්āļ­, āļļāļ§āļ´ොāˇ…, āļŒāļģāļœāˇƒ්āļ¸ංāˇ„āļą්āļ¯ිāļē āˇ„ා āļ¸ාāļŗු āļœāļŸ āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­ āļ¯ූāļ´āļ­්āˇ€āļŊ āļ¯ āˇƒුāˇ…ු āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ොāˇ€ුāļą් āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ෙāļ­ි. āļ‘āˇ„ි āˇ€āļœුāļģු āļļිāļ¸්, āļ´āļ¯ුāļģු āˇ€āļąාāļą්āļ­āļģ, āļšුāļģුāļŗු āˇ€āļ­ු āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āˇ„ා āļšāļŠොāļŊාāļą āļ†āˇ‍්‍āļģිāļ­ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāˇ€āļŊ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āˇ„ෙāļ­් āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€āļą āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āˇƒුāļ¯ුāˇƒු āˇ€ාāˇƒāˇƒ්āļŽාāļą āļļොāˇ„ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āļ‘āˇ…ි āļ´ෙāˇ„ෙāˇ…ි āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļœේ āļœāˇ„āļąāļē āˇීāļ්‍āļģāļēෙāļą් āļ´āˇ„āˇ… āļēāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී.



āļ¸ේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āˇ€āļœා āļļෝāļœ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģāļēāļ§ āļœāļą්āļąා āˇƒāļ­ුāļģෙāļšු āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒāļŊāļšāļēි. āļšිāļģිāˇ€āļ¯ිāļą āļœොāļēāļ¸්, āļšුāļģුāļŗු āļ¯āˇ…ු, āļ‘āˇ…āˇ€āˇ…ු āļļෝāļœāˇ€āļŊ āļ¯āˇ…ු āļ†āˇ„ාāļģāļēāļ§ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļģාāļ­‍්‍āļģී āļšාāļŊāļēේ āļ¯ී āˇ€āļœාāļļිāļ¸්āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢේ. āļ‘āˇƒේ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯ුāļŊි āˇƒැāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ… āļ´ුāļŠු āˇ€ැāļąි āļ‹āļœුāļŊ් āļ‡āļ§āˇ€ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšāļģāļēි. āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸ āˇƒීāļ¸ිāļ­ āļœāˇ„āļąāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€āļą āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļ¸ේ āļ…āļēුāļģිāļą් āļ¸āļģා āļ¸āˇƒ් āˇ€ිāļšිāļĢීāļ¸ āļ¸ේ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļļāˇ„ුāļŊāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļēි. āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļē āļ…āļ¸්āļļāļŊāļą්āļœොāļŠ, āļšāļģāļą්āļ¯ෙāļĢිāļē, āļļāļ§āļ´ොāˇ… āˇ„ා āļŒāļģāļœāˇƒ්āļ¸āļą්āˇ„āļą්āļ¯ිāļē āˇ€ැāļąි āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļļāˇ„ුāļŊ āˇ€ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€āļą්āļąāļšි.



āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¸ āˇƒීāļ¸ිāļ­ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļ†āˇƒිāļēාāˇ€ේ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš āļ¸ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ේ. āļąේāļ´ාāļŊāļē, āļˇූāļ­ාāļąāļē, āļļංāļœ්āļŊාāļ¯ේāˇāļē, āļ¸ිāļēāļą්āļ¸ාāļģāļē, āļ­ාāļēිāļŊāļą්āļ­āļē, āˇ€ිāļēāļ§්āļąාāļ¸āļē, āļ´āļšිāˇƒ්āļ­ාāļąāļē āˇ„ා āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ¸ේ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļē āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ āˇ€ āˇƒිāļ§ී. āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇ€ේ āļ­āļģāļ¸āļš් āļļāˇ„ුāļŊ āˇ€ āˇ€ාāˇƒāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļļෙංāļœාāļŊāļē, āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇ€, āļ´ංāļĸාāļļāļē āˇ„ා āļ‡āˇƒැāļ¸āļē āļēāļą āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ේ. āļ¸ිāļēāļą්āļ¸ාāļģāļēේ āļšāļŠොāļŊාāļą āˇ€āļąාāļą්āļ­āļģāˇ€āļŊ āļ­āļģāļ¸āļš් āļļāˇ„ුāļŊ āˇ€ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ේ.



āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ‰āļ­ා āˇƒීāļ¸ිāļ­ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēāļš āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ āˇ€ āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸āˇ„āļģුāļą් āļ¸ේ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļē āļēāļ§āļ­් āˇ€ිāļĸිāļ­ āļēුāļœāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ¯āļŠāļēāļ¸ āļ´ිāļĢිāˇƒ āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€ා āļ¯ුāļą් āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€āļēි. āļ‘āˇ„ෙāļ­් āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļšිāˇƒිāļ¯ු āļŊිāļ›ිāļ­ āˇ„ෝ āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āˇƒාāļ°āļš āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ේ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļē āļˆāļ­ āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ූ āļļāˇ€āļ§ āˇƒාāļ°āļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 14000 āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ…āļŊāˇ€āļŊ āļ´ොāļ­්āļœුāļŊ් āļŊෙāļą āļ­ැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļœේ āļēāļ§ි āˇ„āļąුāˇ€ේ āļ¯āļ­āļš āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් āˇ„āļ¸ු āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āļœāļŊ් āļŊෙāļąෙāˇ„ි āˇ„āļ¸ු āˇ€ූ āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āļąිāļ¯āļģ්āˇāļš āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļœාāļ¸ිāļĢී āļ…āļ°ිāļšාāļģි āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ා āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ āļ´āļģ්āļēේāˇ‚āļĢāˇ€āļŊ āļąිāļģāļ­ āˇ€āļą āļšැāˇ…ුāļ¸් āļ¸āļąāļ¸ේāļą්āļ¯්‍āļģ āļ†āļģāļ ්āļ ි āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ා āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¸ේ āļļāˇ€ āļ­āˇ„āˇ€ුāļģු āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļේ.



āļ’ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļˆāļ­ āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļ¸ āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ූ āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ­āˇ„āˇ€ුāļģු āˇ€ේ. āļ­āˇ€ āļ¯ āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ා āļœේ āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą්āļąāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ැāļēි āˇ€ිāˇ්āˇ€ාāˇƒ āļšāˇ… āˇ„ැāļšි āļē. āļ­āˇ€ āļ¯ āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēේ āļŊāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āˇ„ා āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇ€ේ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēේ āļŊāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒāļš් āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļļāˇ€ āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļ´āļģ්āļēේāˇ‚āļšāļēිāļą් āļœේ āļ¸āļ­āļēāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āˇ€ැāļŠිāļ¯ුāļģ āļ´āļģ්āļēේāˇ‚āļĢāˇ€āļŊ āļąිāļģāļ­ āˇ€ුāˇ€āˇ„ොāļ­් āļ¸ේ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļē āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēāļš් āˇ€ීāļ¸ේ āˇ€ැāļŠි āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļļāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļĨāļēිāļą් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ¸āļ­āļēāļšි.



āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් āˇƒෙāļą්āļ§ිāļ¸ීāļ§āļģ 60 - 65āļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‹āˇƒිāļą් āļēුāļ­් āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļœේ āˇāļģීāļģ āˇ€āļģ්āļĢāļē āļ’āļšාāļšාāļģ āļŊා āļ¯ුāļšුāļģු āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ­ි āļē. āˇāļģීāļģ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ­ිāļ­් āļ¸ුāˇ€ාāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļšුāļŠා āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ•āļŊු āļ¸ුāˇ€ාāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ­āļģāļ¸āļš් āˇ€ිāˇාāļŊ āļē. āˇāļģීāļģāļēේ āˇƒුāļ¯ු āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ­ි āļ­ිāļ­් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āļ­ිāļ­් āļ¸ුāˇ€ාāļœේ āˇāļģීāļģ āˇ€āļģ්āļĢāļē āļģāļ­ු - āļ¯ුāļšුāļģු āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļēāļš් āļœāļą්āļąා āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āļ•āļŊු āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļœෙāļą් āļ¯ āˇ€ෙāļą් āļšāļģ āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļē. āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āļ§ āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් āļ­ුāļąāļšāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ුāļĢු āļ…ං āļēුāļœāļŊāļš් āˇ„ිāļ¸ි āļē. āˇƒාāļ´ේāļš්āˇ‚āˇ€ āļ­āļģāļ¸āļš් āļ¯ිāļš් āˇ€ූ āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļēāļš් āļ¯āļģāļĢ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ා āļœේ āļ´ාāļ¯ āļ­āļģāļ¸āļš් āļšෙāļ§ි āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāˇ€āļēāļš් āļœāļąී. āļ‡āˇƒ් āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļ¯ිāļŊි āˇ€ āļąෙāļģා āļ´ෙāļąෙāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļšāˇ…ු āļ´ැāˇ„ැāļēෙāļą් āļēුāļš්āļ­ āˇ€ේ.



āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ āˇ€ාāˇƒāˇƒ්āļŽාāļą āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āļē. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ුāˇ…ුāļŊ් āˇ€ැāļŠāļ´ිāˇ…ිāˇ€ෙāļŊāļš් āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ීāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ āˇ€ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ° āļ†āļšාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļģෙāˇ„ි āˇ€ āļąීāļ­ි āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ු āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­.



2009 āļ…ංāļš 22 āļ¯āļģāļą āļ´āļąāļ­ිāļą් āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් āˇ€āļģāļ§ āˇƒංāˇෝāļ°ිāļ­ āˇ€āļą āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āˇ„ා āˇ€ෘāļš්āˇ‚āļŊāļ­ා āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚āļš āļ†āļĨා āļ´āļąāļ­āļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ€ා āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āˇƒāļ­ෙāļšි. āļ´āļąāļ­ේ 30 āˇ€āļą āˇ€āļœāļą්āļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āļ§ āļ­ුāˇ€ාāļŊ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āļ¸ැāļģීāļ¸, āļ…āļŊ්āļŊා āļœැāļąීāļ¸, āļ…āļŊ්āļŊා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ… āļ´ුāļŠුāˇ€āļš්, āļ‹āļœුāļŊāļš්, āļ­ුāˇ€āļš්āļšුāˇ€āļš්, āļ´ොāļŊ්āļŊāļš් āˇ„ෝ āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āļ‹āļ´āļšāļģāļĢāļēāļš් āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āļ¸āļģāļĢ āļŊāļ¯ āˇ„ෝ āļ…āļŊ්āļŊා āļœāļąු āļŊැāļļූ āˇƒāļ­ෙāļšු āˇ„ෝ āˇƒāļ­ා āļœේ āļšොāļ§āˇƒāļš් (āļ¸āˇƒ් āļ‡āļ­ුāˇ…ුāˇ€) āˇ…āļŸ āļ­āļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ„ෝ āˇƒāļą්āļ­āļšāļēේ āļ­āļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸, āļ¸āˇƒ් āˇ€ිāļšිāļĢීāļ¸ āˇ„ෝ āˇ€ිāļšිāļĢීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ¯āļģ්āˇāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸, āˇƒāļ¸් āˇ„ෝ āļ…ං āļ­āļ§්āļ§ු āˇ…āļŸ āļ­āļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļ¯āļŦුāˇ€āļ¸් āļŊැāļļිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļšි. āļ¸ෙāˇ€ැāļąි āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļšāļ§ āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļšāļģු āˇ€ූ āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēāļšුāļ§ āļģු. 20,000āļšāļ§ āļąොāļ…āļŠු āˇ„ෝ āļģු. 50,000āļšāļ§ āļąොāˇ€ැāļŠි āļ¯āļŠāļēāļš් āˇ„ෝ āļ…āˇ€ුāļģුāļ¯ු āļ¯ෙāļšāļšāļ§ āļ…āļŠු āļąොāˇ€āļą āˇ„ෝ āļ…āˇ€ුāļģුāļ¯ු āļ´āˇ„āļšāļ§ āˇ€ැāļŠි āļąොāˇ€āļą āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇ€ූ āļļāļą්āļ°āļąාāļœාāļģ āļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļš් āˇ„ෝ āļ’ āļ¯āļŠāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļļāļą්āļ°āļąාāļœාāļģ āļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļēāļą āļ¯ෙāļšāļ§ āļ¸ āˇ„ෝ āļēāļ§āļ­් āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļē.





āļ¸ේ āļąීāļ­ි āļš‍්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļąො āˇ€ āļĸāļąāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ’ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąුāļ¸්āˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ­ුāˇ…ිāļą් āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļģැāļš āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļēොāļ¸ු āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļ­්‍āļēāˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āˇ€ āļ­ිāļļේ.

Monday, 2 March 2015

āļ ීāļą āļļෞāļ¯්āļ° āˇƒāļ­්‍āļē āļšāļ­ා

āļˇāļēාāļąāļš āļ‹āļ´āļą්āļ¯ිāļą āˇƒාāļ¯āļē
āļšිāˇƒි āļ´්‍āļģාāļĢāļාāļ­āļēāļš් āļąොāļšāļģāļą āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ¯ිāˇ€ුāļģුāļ¸් āļ¯ෙāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļģාāļĸ්‍āļē āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģිāļēෙāļš් āˇƒිāļ§ිāļēේāļē. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ”āˇ„ුāļœේ āļļිāļģිāļē āļšෲāļģ āļ ේāļ­āļąා āˇƒāˇ„ āļšෑāļ¯āļģ āļ¸ුāļ›āļēāļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āˇ€ූāˇ€ාāļē. āļ‡āļē āˇƒෑāļ¸ āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļšāļ¸ āļ­āļ¸ාāļ§ āļģāˇƒ āļļොāļĸුāļąāļš් āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļēෙāļŊ āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´āļĢ āļ‡āļ­ි āˇƒāļ­āļšුāļœේ āļ¯ිāˇ€ි āļąāˇƒා āļ¯ැāļ¸්āļ¸ාāļē. āļ‘āˇ„ෙāļ­් āļ‡āļēāļœේ āˇƒ්āˇ€ාāļ¸ි āļ´ුāļģුāˇ‚āļēා āļšිāˇƒි āļ¯ිāļąāļš āļ‘āˇƒේ āļාāļ­āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšිāˇƒිāļ¸ āˇƒāļ­āļšුāļœේ āļ¸āˇƒāļš් āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļ´ිāļĢිāˇƒ āļąොāļœāļ­්āļ­ේāļē.

āļ‘āļš් āˇ€āļģ්āˇ‚āļēāļš āļ‡āļēāļœේ āļ‹āļ´āļą් āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļ¸āˇ„ āļ‰āˇ„āˇ…ිāļą් āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āˇƒāļšāˇƒ් āļšāˇ…ාāļē. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇ€āļą āˇƒාāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļŒāļģāļą් , āļ‘āˇ…ුāˇ€āļą්, āļšුāļšුāļŊāļą් āˇ„ා āļ­ාāļģාāˇ€ුāļą් āˇ€ැāļąි āļ´්‍āļģාāļĢීāļą් āˇ€ිāˇාāļŊ āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€āļš් āļ‘āļš්āļ­ැāļą් āļšොāļ§ āļ¸āļģāļĢāļē āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āļšොāļ§ āļ­ිāļļුāļĢි.

āļ‡āļœේ āˇƒ්āˇ€ාāļ¸ිāļ´ුāļģුāˇ‚āļēා āˇ€āļą āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģිāļēා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļšැāļ´ āˇ€ී āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļ¯ැāļš āļ¸āˇ„āļ­් āˇƒේ āļšāļąāļœාāļ§ුāˇ€āļ§ āˇ„ා āļąොāˇƒāļ­ුāļ§āļ§ āļ´āļ­්āˇ€ āļļිāļģිāļŗ āļ…āļ¸āļ­ා āļ¸ෙāˇƒේ āļšීāˇ€ේāļē.” āļ”āļļ āļ”āļļāļœේ āļ‹āļ´āļą් āļ¯ිāļąāļē āˇƒāļ¸āļģා āˇƒāļ­ුāļ§ුāˇ€ෙāļą්āļąෙ āļ¸ේ āļ…āˇ„ිංāˇƒāļš āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āļ§ āļ¸āļģāļĢ āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€ āļ¯ීāļŊāļēි, āļ¸āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļšැāļ´āˇ€ෙāļŊා āļ‰āļą්āļą āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āļ§ āļ”āļļ āļ…āļąුāļšāļ¸්āļ´ා āļšāˇ… āļēුāļ­ුāļēි. āļ’ āļ…āˇƒāļģāļĢāļēිāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļēāļ¸් āˇුāļˇāˇ€ාāļ¯ි āļ¯ෙāļēāļš් āļšāļģāļą්āļą āļļāļŊāļą්āļą”

āļ¸ේ āļ´්‍āļģāļšාāˇāļē āļąිāˇƒා āļļිāļģිāļŗ āļšුāļ´ිāļ­ āˇ€ූāˇ€ා āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāˇƒේ āˇ€ිāļģෝāļ°āļē āļ´āˇ… āļšāˇ…ාāļē. “ āļ”āļļ āļšිāļēāļą්āļąේ āļ…āļ´ āˇ„ැāļ¸ෝāļ¸ āļļෞāļ¯්āļ°āļēිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āˇ„ැāļ¸ෝāļ¸ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļąොāļ¸āļģāļĢ āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļ¯ිāˇ€ුāļģුāļ¸්āļ¯ී āļ´ොāļģොāļą්āļ¯ු āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļē āļšිāļēāļŊ āļ¯ āˇ„ැāļ¸ෝāļ¸ āļ‘āˇ„ෙāļ¸ āļšāļģāļą්āļą āļœිāļēොāļ­් āļ¸ේ āļ¸ුāˇ…ු āļ´āˇ…ාāļ­āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€ුāļģුāļ¯ු āļšීāļ´āļēāļšāļ¯ී āˇƒāļ­ුāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ¸ āļ´ිāļģේāˇ€ි. āļ¸āļ¸ āļ’āļš āļļාāļģāļœāļą්āļąේ āļąෑ “

āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļ¯ා āļ‡āļē āļ­āļ¸ා āˇƒැāļŊāˇƒුāļ¸් āļšāˇ… āļ¸āˇ„ා āļ‹āļ´āļą්āļ¯ිāļą āˇƒාāļ¯āļē āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸ේ āļ´ී‍්‍āļģāļ­ිāļēෙāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ුāļ¯ිāļ­ āˇ€ූāˇ€ාāļē . āˇƒāļ­්āˇ€ āˇ€āļ°āļšාāļœාāļģāļēේ āļ…āļ¸ිāˇ„ිāļģි āˇ„āļŠිāļą් āļ…āˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļ‡āˇ…āļŊී āļœිāļēේāļē. āļ´āˇ…āļ¸ුāˇ€ැāļąි āˇƒූāļšāļģāļēා āļාāļ­āļąāļē āļ´ිāļĢිāˇƒ āļšුāļ¯āļŊා āļ‡āļ¯āļœෙāļą āļēāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‹āļœේ āļ†āļ­්āļ¸āļē āļąිāļŊāļ°ාāļģි āļļිāļģිāļŗāļœේ āļšāļēāļ§ āļ†āļģූāļĒ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ­ිāļēුāļĢූ āļ‹āļŊ්āļ´ිāˇ„ි āļ­ුāļŠ āļ‡āļœේ āˇ„āļ¯āˇ€āļ­ āļ¯ෙāļ´āˇ…ු āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļēāļą āļ¯ැāļŠි āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ‡āļē āļ´ෙāˇ…ුāļąාāļē. āļ‘āļē āļšෙāˇƒේāˇ€āļ­් āļ‰āˇ€āˇƒිāļē āļąොāˇ„ැāļšි āļ¸ාāļģාāļą්āļ­ිāļš āļ´ීāļŠාāˇ€āļš් āļļāˇ€ āļ…āļēāļ§ āļ¯ැāļąෙāļą්āļ§ āˇ€ිāļē. āļŠāˇ…āļŸāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢිāļēේ āļ‘āˇ…ුāˇ€āļšුāļœේ āļ¸āļģāˇ„āļŦ āļąāļœāļą āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€āļē. āļœෝ āļාāļ­āļšāļēාāļœේ āļļිāˇ„ිāˇƒුāļĢු āļ­ිāļēුāļĢු āļ†āļēුāļ° āļ­āļ¸ාāļœේ āļšāļē āļ¸āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļ¯āļŊි āļ´āˇƒා āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļšිāļŗා āļļāˇƒිāļą āˇƒෙāļēāļš් āļ‡āļēāļ§ āļ¯ැāļąුāļĢි. āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģුāˇ€ āļ†āļēේ āļšුāļšුāļŊāļšු āļœේ āļœෙāˇ… āˇƒිāļŗිāļą āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€āļē. āļ‰āļ­ා āļ­ිāļēුāļĢු āļ¸ාāļģāļš āļ†āļēුāļ°āļēේ āļ¸ුāˇ€āˇ„āļ­ āļ­āļ¸ාāļœේ āļœෙāˇ… āļšāˇƒෙāļą් āˇ€ෙāļą් āļšāļģāļą āˇƒෙāļēāļš් āļ‡āļēāļ§ āļ¯ැāļąෙāļą්āļ§ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ‡āļē āļ¸ෙāļēāļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ āļšිāˇƒි āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€āļš āļ‘āļļāļŗු āļ´ීāļŠාāļšාāļģි āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€āļš් āˇ€ිāļŗ āļ¯āļģා āļąැāļ­. āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€āļš āļ¸ාāļģාāļą්āļ­ිāļš āļ´ීāļŠාāˇ€āļš āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් āļŊāļļා āļąැāļ­. āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļģāļĢāļēේ āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€ āļœැāļą āˇ„ැāļŸීāļ¸් āļ´āˇ„āˇ… āˇ€āļą්āļ§ āˇ€ිāļē. āļ­āļ¸ා āļ…āļ­ිāļą් āļļāļģāļ´āļ­āļŊ āˇ€āļģāļ¯āļš් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­ැāļēි āļēāļą āˇ„ැāļœීāļ¸ āļ‡āļē āļ­ුāˇ… āˇ„ොāļŊ්āļ¸āļą් āļšෙāˇ…ේāļē.

“ āˇƒāļ­්āˇ€ āļාāļ­āļą āˇ€āˇ„ාāļ¸ āļąāˇ€āļ­්āˇ€āļąු “ āˇƒූāļ´āˇ€ේāļ¯ීāļą්āļ§ āˇ„ා āļœෝ āļාāļ­āļšāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļ‡āļē āļ…āļĢ āļ¯ුāļą්āļąාāļē. āļ¸ෙāļ­ෙāļš් āļ¸āļģāļĢ āļˇāļēිāļą් āļ­ැāļ­ිāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ§ි āˇƒිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āļļැāļ¸ි āļŊිāˇ„ා āļ¸ුāļ¯ා āˇ„āļģිāļą āļŊෙāˇƒ āļąිāļēāļ¸ āļšāˇ…ාāļē.

āļ‘āļ¯ාāļēිāļą් āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļšිāˇƒිāļ¸ āˇƒāļ­āļšු āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļ´ිāļĢිāˇƒ āļ‡āļē āļාāļ­āļąāļē āļąොāļšāˇ…ාāļē. āļšිāˇƒිāļ¸ āˇƒāļ­්āˇ€ āļ¸ංāˇāļēāļš් āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļ´ිāļĢිāˇƒ āļąොāļœāļ­්āļ­ාāļē. āˇƒāļ­āļšු āļාāļ­āļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ’ āˇƒāļ­ාāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ිāˇ€āļą āˇ€ේāļ¯āļąාāˇ€ āļšෙāļļāļŗුāļ¯ āļēāļą්āļą āˇƒිāļēāļŊු āļ¯ෙāļąාāļ§āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āļļෝāļ° āļšāļģāļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļē āļ‹āļąāļą්āļ¯ු āˇ€ූāˇ€ාāļē. āˇƒāļ­්āˇ€ āļාāļ­āļąāļēේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ¸ාāļąුāˇ‚ිāļš āļ´ාāļ´āļšාāļģී āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāˇ€āļē āļœැāļą āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļē āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļšාāļģ්āļēāļē āˇ€ෙāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ‡āļē āļ‡āļ´ āļšැāļ´ āˇ€ූāˇ€ාāļē. āļ¸ේ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ āļąිāˇƒා āļ‡āļē āļ¯ීāļģ්āļ āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āˇƒැāļ´āˇƒේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ූāˇ€ාāļē.

āļ…āˇ€්āļģුāļ¯ු 60 āļēāļą්āļ­āļģāļē